Varieties of alkyd primers and a rating of the best brands, how to apply
When painting surfaces, it is recommended to first treat the material with protective agents. Such functions are performed by alkyd primers, which are universally used. Compounds of this type can be used in the treatment of various surfaces. Alkyd primers protect materials from aggressive effects (including moisture) and increase the service life of the paint.
Content
Alkyd primer: material composition and properties
Alkyd primers consist of the following components:
- synthetic resin;
- alkyd varnish;
- dryers;
- solvents;
- stabilizers.
The basis of this primer is resin, which does not contain film-forming additives or substances that expel air from the treated materials.
More volatile solvents are used in alkyd mixtures than in paint. As a result, these soils become liquid.In addition, vegetable oils are in the mixture, which provide better permeability of materials, including in contaminated surfaces.
Depending on the type of components that such floors have, they acquire the following characteristics:
- corrosion resistance;
- resistance to temperature changes in the range from -40 to +40 degrees;
- reduce the consumption of paints and varnishes;
- fill small cracks and cracks, creating additional protection against mechanical stress;
- prevent the formation of mold and mildew;
- increase the life of the wood.
Alkyd primers are versatile. These formulations can be used to treat a variety of materials. However, crumbling surfaces such as plaster, gypsum and the like cannot be treated with these floors. This recommendation does not apply to concrete.
Principle of operation and scope
The principle of operation of the material is based on an insulating protection mechanism. This composition, applied to a car body or other surfaces, dries quickly, forming a strong film. For the formation of the latter, the iron oxides that are part of the mixture are responsible. This film prevents moisture and air from penetrating the surface.
The scope of alkyd primers, as noted above, is not limited to metal or wood. This composition is suitable for the surface treatment of industrial sites, car bodies, concrete and other structures. By combining a primer and alkyd paints, you can significantly increase the service life of wooden products.
This composition serves as the basis for various finishing materials.In particular, in addition to paints, liquid wallpaper, putty and more can be applied to alkyd primers.
Advantages and disadvantages of the material
Alkyd primers have the following advantages:
- are characterized by high strength and elasticity;
- increased abrasion resistance after curing;
- hide resinous knots on the wood;
- different colorants and adhesives can be applied to the material;
- wide range of applications;
- you can process surfaces at low temperatures (provided that the container with the mixture is in the room);
- minimum toxin content.
At the same time, alkyd floors, in comparison with other similar mixtures, are distinguished by the following disadvantages:
- a long drying period (because of this it is necessary to provide high-quality ventilation in the room);
- before applying the paint, wait until the floor is completely dry (otherwise the material will crumble on contact);
- not suitable for processing porous surfaces (the primer does not penetrate deep into the structure of the material);
- not suitable for finishing synthetic materials;
- the presence of a specific smell.
After working with such a primer, the tools used should be washed with solvents such as white spirit. Water does not remove the material from the surface due to the dense protective film.
What are the varieties and recommendations for choosing
As noted above, the characteristics and scope of alkyd primer mixtures are determined by the additional components that make up the material. Based on this, this product is divided into 7 types.
Alkyd-acrylic
This type of primer combines the characteristics of two materials (acrylic and alkyd resins), due to which the material penetrates deep into the treated surface, increasing the level of protection.
These compounds can be applied to porous and loose substrates, including exterior walls. In addition, the primer provides corrosion protection and dries quickly: at temperatures above +20 degrees, the process takes less than an hour.
Alkyd-urethane
In addition to these components, these mixtures contain additional substances that increase the strength characteristics of the floor. The material is mainly used for processing wood and metal. Thanks to the urethane base, the mixture can be used for surface finishing at temperatures down to -45 degrees.
However, alkyd-urethane primers should not be applied to a loose or crumbling substrate. In particular, it is forbidden to process gypsum plaster. But this mixture is considered optimal when it is necessary to create a protective layer for the glue.
Glyphthalic
In addition to alkyd resin, this primer contains glycine and pigments that give the material a certain tint. This type of barrier mix is also versatile. Glyphthalic primers can be used on a variety of surfaces.
For wood
Floors intended for wood processing contain components that prevent the resin from escaping. In addition, these documents warn:
- the appearance of mold and mildew;
- rotten wood;
- the appearance of pests.
At the same time, the mixture increases the adhesion of the applied paints and varnishes.
Perchlorovinyl
Perchlorovinyl also contains coloring pigments. This composition has a pungent odor, so the primer is used for outdoor work. The benefits of this mix include the ability to penetrate and remove rust.Due to this characteristic, the material can be applied to unprepared metal.
In comparison with other primers, perchlorovinyl is characterized by increased resistance to aggressive effects. The material dries quickly at a temperature of +20 degrees.
For metal
Metallic primers provide corrosion protection by creating a moisture barrier layer. The mixture acquires such characteristics due to the inclusion of zinc phosphate in the composition. Such primers are available in standard containers and aerosols for easy application.
Universal
Multi-purpose alkyd primers contain zinc chromate, which allows the mixture to be applied to almost any surface. Specified substance:
- increases film strength;
- improves protective properties;
- makes the film resistant to UV exposure;
- increases the resistance of the soil to the effects of negative temperatures.
Universal alkyd primers are used for internal and external work.
Ranking of the best brands
The best alkyd primers are:
- GF 021 and GF 032. Universal primer for finishing wood and metal. These mixtures contain components that remove rust from surfaces.
- GF 0119. Universal primer for different surfaces, which dries in 1.5 to 2 hours. When working with such material, it is necessary to provide good ventilation. Basically, this composition is available in brown.
- Tikkurilla. The Finnish company produces various mixtures of alkyds with the addition of coloring pigments. Products of this brand provide anti-corrosion protection. A range of Tikkurilla primers are also suitable for concrete surfaces.
When using floors containing modifiers that eliminate rust, it is necessary to provide through ventilation in the room.
Subtleties of use
Surface treatment with a primer is carried out according to the same algorithm as the application of paints and varnishes. In this case, the recommendations of the manufacturer of a particular mixture should be taken into account.
Surface preparation
The surface preparation procedure is determined taking into account the characteristics of a particular mixture. But, in order to avoid errors, it is recommended to do the following:
- Remove dirt and rust from the material.
- Smooth the surface, removing burrs and other defects.
- Degrease the surface using organic solvents.
It is recommended to dry the surface before applying the material. The base can be sanded if necessary. It also improves ink adhesion.
Calculation of consumption and preparation of the working solution
The consumption of alkyd primer is indicated on the package. This indicator is determined by the characteristics of the composition, the type of surface to be treated and the number of layers applied. On average, one square meter takes up to 40-60 grams of the mixture. It should be borne in mind that the indicator indicated on the package was calculated at the factory. In practice, consumption increases by 1.5-2 times.
The algorithm for preparing the working solution is also indicated on the packaging of the material. A certain number of groundbaits (in particular in aerosol) are immediately ready for use. Others require thorough stirring in a separate container using a wooden stick. If necessary, a solvent or another solvent is added to the initial composition to achieve the required viscosity.
Application of a primer coat
It is recommended to apply a primer mixture at a temperature of +20 degrees. Under such conditions, the composition hardens faster.The soil is applied in 2-3 layers, waiting each time for the previous one to dry. On average, this process takes up to two hours.
The primer is applied by roller, brush or spray gun. The latter is used when processing large flat surfaces.
Drying time
The drying time also directly depends on the characteristics of the composition. This process takes, at a temperature of +20 degrees and a relative humidity of 70%, up to a day. That is, during this time the material acquires the specified strength characteristics. At the end of this period, paint or other finishes can be applied over the primer.
Precautions and safety measures
Due to the fact that the composition of the alkyd floor contains toxic components, it is recommended to work with this mixture in protective gloves and a respirator. If the material is applied indoors, you need to create high-quality ventilation inside.
Due to the presence of solvents in the soil, it is recommended to store the mixture away from open fire sources.
Mistakes allowed and tips from the masters
Mistakes when working with such mixtures are rarely made. Basically, the problems arise from non-compliance with the processing technology or the preparation of the solution.
In order to avoid negative consequences, the primer should be applied in an even layer. When mixing the original composition with solvents, it is recommended to add the latter in a small volume, keeping an eye on the consistency of the material.
Storage rules
It is recommended to store such floors in closed containers, at a relative humidity of 80%, avoiding contact of the material with direct sunlight. Also, the formulations should be kept away from heat sources.In such conditions, the material retains its original characteristics for two years.