Composition and characteristics of paints for ceramics, types and rules of application
Special paints for ceramics are used to draw patterns on dishes and various decorative items. Today there are many materials on sale from well-known manufacturers. These products can be water-based or alkyd. They are mainly used for the decoration of various objects. Once the applied coating has dried, it is not afraid of the action of water and detergents.
Ceramic paint: features and properties of the material
Paints for ceramic decoration have a number of characteristics. They differ in composition and principles of application, which helps to choose the right option.
Composition and technical characteristics
Substances that differ in their water base can be used to decorate dishes or other products. After firing, ceramic ware can be washed in water. In this case, the image will be perfectly preserved.
Dyes for the decoration of ceramics are produced by combining glaze, fluxes and clay.In this case, natural or synthetic pigments are added to the composition. Considering the method of application, the materials are divided into underglaze and overglaze. In the first case, the substance is applied before firing, so the pattern is under the glaze, in the second, already fired objects are treated with the composition.
To improve the adhesion of the dye to the surface of the ceramic, various binders are introduced into it. These include sugar, glycerin and other substances. To give the desired tones, salts of different metals are used.
When choosing dyes for ceramics, it is important to consider that they should be of high quality and harmless. This is especially important for the materials used to paint the dishes. The brushes must also be of impeccable quality. These items are considered very expensive.
To create the relief pattern, it is recommended to use a special clay paste. In this case, the easiest and most affordable option is the use of aerosols.
Scope
Ceramic paints are used in the following situations:
- bedroom decoration;
- lead master classes;
- professional painting.
To choose the right dye, you need to familiarize yourself with the features of the working surface. Its structure directly affects the choice of substance. Ceramic, unlike glass, has an opaque structure.
Advantages and disadvantages of painting
The advantages and disadvantages of substances depend on the composition of the dye. The advantages of the material include:
- variety of shades;
- uniformity of application;
- the ability to implement different design solutions.
At the same time, the material also has some drawbacks.These include in particular the following:
- the need for strict compliance with the rules of application;
- high price.
Varieties and recommendations for choice
There are a number of effective substances, which differ in their composition and the materials processed.
For ceramics
When buying paint, you need to take into account the purpose of the product. Craftsmen who produce items for sale choose quality materials. Ready-made kits are suitable for children's crafts. To design stained glass windows, it is worth using special translucent water-based paints and a contour.
Certain substances are prohibited from being applied to objects for food use, others are sensitive to water and detergents. Therefore, before buying a specific composition, you should carefully study the instructions or consult with the sellers.
Inexpensive acrylic paints can be easily washed off with water without cooking, more expensive ones can be easily damaged with a knife.
Therefore, coatings that require heat treatment are more suitable for painting dishes.
For the glass
Paints and varnishes for glass are considered more resistant and hardly interact with water. At the same time, it is quite difficult to work with materials, since they differ in liquid consistency. Different thickeners are needed to achieve the desired results.
In addition, such dyes are distinguished by a very lean palette. Therefore, to achieve a saturated color, several shades should be applied. This takes lots of time. At the same time, acrylic paints for glass have certain advantages.They do not require additional processing, which makes it possible to fix the coating on the processed material.
It is also allowed to buy paint that is not only suitable for glass. Some materials work well with each other on different types of surfaces.
For metal
There are special dyes that can be applied not only to glass or ceramics, but also to metal. Usually, for this purpose, substances are used that differ in their solvent base. They provide a smooth, shiny surface and guarantee a secure adhesion to the surface. In addition, the materials do not need to be baked and are characterized by resistance to discoloration.
Don't shoot
Most modern ceramic stains do not need to be baked. They should be applied to the finished product and left to dry. This group includes acrylic stains for glass and ceramic surfaces. They are distinguished by a variety of shades and convenient packaging. These materials are characterized by their ease of use.
wire mesh
It is worth treating a raw, unbaked surface with such substances and subjecting it to heat treatment. Cobalt paint, in particular, belongs to this variety. When the surface is treated, it is distinguished by a gray tint, but after the oven it creates the famous blue overflow of Gzhel.
Ceramic paint application technology step by step
To paint ceramic, you must do the following:
- Degrease the surface with a cotton ball. To do this, it must be moistened with alcohol or acetone.
- Place a stencil on the ceramic surface or apply an outline drawing.
- If necessary, prime the product with a primer. Then paint the background and apply large elements of the image.
- When using liquid paints, you must first draw volumetric outlines, dry them, and then apply a dye.
- Draw small details. To do this, it is permissible to use a contour, brush or marker.
- Taking into account the type of dye, heat the product in the oven at a temperature of 140-180 degrees. This is done for 10 minutes. If there is no need for baking, it is worth drying the surface within 24 hours.
- Coat the item with acrylic varnish. This will help pin the image.
Coating drying time and durability
It takes 24 hours for the stain to dry completely. This is the period that must be maintained before firing. If the paint is not completely dry, there is a risk of blistering or blistering the surface. Strictly observing the application technology, the coating is strong enough.
Ranking of the best brands, according to opinions and advice from masters
Today there are many high-quality materials on sale that ensure the creation of a perfect pattern on a ceramic surface. The best known brands are:
- IDEA Vetro - This Italian brand offers organic-based paints. They do not require shooting. In addition, the material is considered not very resistant to the influence of various factors. Moreover, it cannot be used for food purposes.
- Kreul Hobby Line - these paints are offered by a German brand. They are considered persistent and have a wide variety of shades. After applying the material, it is recommended to put the product in an oven preheated to 160 degrees and hold it there for 90 minutes.
- Hobby deLUXE - these dyes are professional. The series is considered universal. It can be applied to ceramic and glass surfaces.The materials do not need to be exposed to temperature. In addition, they are distinguished by a high degree of resistance to water and mechanical factors.
Among Russian brands, it is worth highlighting Olki, Gamma and Decola paints. At the same time, Olki products are rarely found on the market. The dyes themselves practically do not differ from universal acrylic substances.
Gamma paints are characterized by too liquid texture, so they are not very comfortable to work with. Decola paints are considered to be of the highest quality. They are distinguished by an ideal price-performance ratio.
Ceramic paints differ in composition, consistency and price. This helps you choose the right option, taking into account your preferences and tasks.