Types and composition of tile adhesive, description and rating of the best, drying time
More recently, the tile was glued on ordinary cement mortar, which did not fix it well to the surface of the wall, therefore it often flew off. Most builders today use a special tile adhesive that bonds securely to the wall.
What is the composition of adhesives
Before choosing the most suitable adhesive solution, you need to understand the main varieties and find out what is included in these liquids.
Polyurethane
Polyurethane mixtures belong to the group of synthetic adhesives, which are obtained from substances used in the synthesis of polyurethanes. The main characteristics of such an adhesive liquid are as follows:
- protection against temperature changes;
- resistance to oils, acids and gasoline;
- high adhesive strength;
- sustainability.
Most often, polyurethane glues are used for bonding ceramic tiles. This compound is able to adhere to ceramic on any type of surface. Therefore, it can be used for coating iron, wood, glass, steel, parquet and slate surfaces.
Epoxy
Among technical workers and amateur builders, epoxy mixtures are popular, which are distinguished by their durability and resistance to high humidity. Until a few years ago, epoxy resins were rarely used in construction, but over the past 5-10 years new ways have been developed to bond various materials.
In the manufacture of epoxy mixtures, the following materials are used:
- powdery components, which include zinc, aluminum, silica and carbon black;
- carbon fibers;
- synthetic fibers.
Epoxy adhesive has unique properties, which allow it to be applied in many fields of activity:
- Building. Often epoxy is used in the construction industry for tiling walls or joining concrete and metal structures. It is also used to repair cracks in walls and join reinforced concrete products.
- Mechanical Engineering. Epoxy resins are used in the repair of car bodies, upholstery and petrol tanks.
- Shipbuilding. Epoxy is a common material used in boat hulls.
cement based
Adhesive mixtures prepared on a cement basis are used for wall cladding with ceramic tiles, artificial stone or mosaics. The main advantages of such formulations include:
- Versatility;
- ease of use;
- respect the environment;
- significant reduction in financial costs for repair work.
Also, the advantages of cement compositions include their resistance to high humidity, due to which the glue can be used in the bathroom, on the balcony, in the kitchen and in other rooms with high humidity pupil.
Dispersion tile adhesive
Dispersion glue is a compound based on synthetic resins, which is most often used to fix ceramic tiles on floors, walls or ceilings. Distinctive characteristics of the mixture include:
- high adhesion;
- resistance to low and high temperature indicators;
- elasticity;
- sustainability.
Dispersion compositions are considered universal, since they are used to work with many types of materials. They are used not only for working ceramics, but also for bonding plasterboard, concrete or cement products. This glue is considered waterproof, so some builders use it for exterior siding.
Types of glue for installation and their correct use
There are different types of adhesive mixtures, the characteristics of which are best known in advance.
For interior work
Often people have to make repairs indoors. When performing repairs, it is better to use compounds intended for internal work.Such adhesive mixtures are perfect for laying tiles in the hallway, bathroom or kitchen. It is contraindicated to use them outdoors, since they are not resistant to low temperatures, high humidity and aggressive atmospheric conditions.
For outdoor work
Some owners of private houses decorate the facades with ceramic tiles. Finishing work should be carried out with a special adhesive that is resistant to temperature changes and high humidity.
If you use an interior composition for exterior decoration, the facing tiles will begin to crack and fall off.
In the manufacture of glue, which is used for facing facades, special additives are added. These elements prevent the expansion of water molecules, so that the tile does not come off even in severe frosts.
Universal formulas
Experts recommend using universal mixtures suitable for indoor and outdoor use. Such formulations are considered durable, as they are resistant to cold and moisture. A multi-purpose adhesive suitable for ceramics, parquet, wood and even hardware.
When using such glue, the surface to be treated will need to be cleaned of dirt and degreased beforehand. Only after that it is treated with an adhesive mixture.
Fast hardening
Quick setting mixes are often used for bonding tiles. The main characteristics of the product include the fact that it hardens within 15 to 20 hours after application. Therefore, such glue is often used by people who want to quickly cope with the repair. The mixture contains mineral trace elements, cement and polymers, which significantly accelerate its hardening.
It is necessary to work with such glue very quickly, and therefore experts advise to use it only for experienced people.
Leveling
Most often they are used to work with a floor surface. Such mixtures are made from polymer plasticizers that increase the level of adhesion, moisture resistance and elasticity. Leveling compounds are considered universal, since they can be used not only indoors, but also outdoors.
Before laying tiles on the floor, you need to familiarize yourself with the nuances of using glue. Experts advise applying it to the soil surface in several layers. In this case, each subsequent layer is applied only after the previous one has completely dried.
Elastic and highly elastic adhesives
Some equip the walls and floors with additional heating, due to which the laid tiles begin to crack and crumble. To avoid these problems, when laying the facing material, it is necessary to use highly elastic types of glue. Compositions with good elasticity are resistant to moisture and sudden temperature changes. Due to these qualities, some use such compounds for facing swimming pools and facades of residential buildings.
Compositions for a reinforced hold
For fastening large-format materials with a large weight, mixtures are used, which are distinguished by improved fastening. They withstand any load and are able to withstand even heavy metal structures. They are often used when laying large slabs used as a horizontal base.
Thick layer
This type of glue is created from cement mortar, river sand and other modifying substances.Thick glue is used to cover the floor of medium to large ceramic tiles. Also, the composition is used to level minor irregularities on the floor.
The characteristics of the glue in a thick layer allow it to be used for interior and exterior work.
heat resistant
In high temperature conditions, it is recommended to use heat-resistant compounds. They can easily withstand high temperature readings and are therefore often used to treat very hot surfaces. Experts advise to purchase products intended for finishing ovens. This type of glue can withstand temperatures above 500 degrees Celsius.
Frost resistant
It's no secret that many types of adhesive mixtures are destroyed due to exposure to low temperatures. However, there are formulations that do not deteriorate even at subzero temperatures. They are used for covering a basement, a balcony or a terrace. Some builders use them to secure thermal insulation materials.
Moisture resistant
The waterproof adhesive is specially designed for use in rooms with high humidity. It contains components that prevent moisture from entering the mixture, so that it does not deteriorate due to moisture.
How to attach tiles with tile adhesive
To properly fix the tile, you need to familiarize yourself with the features of its installation.
Tile preparation
Before laying porcelain stoneware, it is necessary to prepare the laying material. First of all, you need to determine the optimal number of tiles, which will cover the floor or walls.In this case, such important criteria are taken into account:
- The total length of the slabs does not always correspond to the dimensions of the rows. Therefore, when laying, you will have to cut too long materials yourself.
- Having decided on the required amount of porcelain stoneware, another 12-15% is added to the resulting value.
Preparing the base for application
The most important stage when laying a tiled surface is the preliminary preparation of the base. The final result will depend on the proper preparation of the surface.
Often the material has to be laid on an uneven surface. Therefore, before carrying out any work, you should carefully inspect the floor or walls. If any irregularities were found during the inspection, you will need to get rid of them with a putty. After drying, the surface is cleaned with fine sandpaper and cleaned of dust and dirt.
What substrates are not recommended for tiling?
There are several materials that should not be laid over ceramic tile. Experts advise against gluing porcelain stoneware on aerated concrete and aerated concrete substrates, which have a porous surface. On such materials, tiles will quickly peel off and begin to crumble. In order for it to last longer, the surface will need to be treated with water-repellent agents.
Preparation of the adhesive mixture
After preparing the tiles and the working surface, you need to prepare the adhesive composition.
Calculation of the required amount of consumables
First you need to determine the amount of kneading glue so that it will be enough to glue the tiles. The average consumption of dry mix is about 120 kilograms per 1 m3. Therefore, it is enough to purchase a package with an adhesive mixture, the weight of which is 25-30 kilograms.
How to breed: proportions and patterns
To dilute and prepare the adhesive composition, perform the following sequence of actions:
- Mix with water. When diluting the glue with water, observe the proportions indicated on the package.
- Adding sand. Experts advise adding sand with fractions of about 2-3 millimeters to the liquid.
- Addition of cement. To improve adhesion, cement is added to the solution. In this case, the following proportions are observed: three parts of sand are mixed with one part of cement.
How to determine the correctness of the prepared solution
When preparing the adhesive composition, it is necessary to ensure that its consistency resembles thick sour cream. If the solution is too liquid, add a little more cement and sand to it, after which the mixture is stirred well.
During the test, the prepared mixture is applied to the surface of the tile and applied to the wall. If it adheres firmly to the surface, the solution has a good density and it was prepared correctly.
How long does the glue dry
Many people are interested in the drying time of the solution. When determining the drying time, the characteristics of the glue used are taken into account. For example, in fast-hardening mixtures, the shrinkage does not last long, and therefore it hardens for about 15 hours.
Mortar application and tiling
The prepared mixture is evenly distributed on the wall to completely cover the entire surface. When performing the work, it is recommended to use a wide trowel equipped with teeth.
Some experts advise treating the tile surface with a solution, but this is not necessary. The only thing to do is to slightly moisten the inside of the material.When the tiles are laid, they are carefully pressed against the wall so that the rest of the mixture comes out of the joints.
Grout filling
All joints must be treated with a special jointing mixture to protect them from moisture. To withstand the working solution, grout powder is added to a bucket of water, after which the composition is mixed and infused for about ten minutes. Then the grout can be used to treat the joints between the tiles.
Ranking of the best tile adhesives
Many people who have never used adhesive solutions cannot choose the best one. Therefore, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the rating of adhesives in advance and determine which solution is best to buy.
Glims whitefix
Many experts who have been laying tiles for several years advise buying Glims WhiteFix. This solution is intended for working with ceramics, as well as artificial and natural stones. Glims WhiteFix is a versatile product that can withstand high and low temperatures. This allows it to be used for exterior and interior cladding.
The advantages of the solution include:
- profitability;
- water resistance;
- frost resistance;
- high density.
"Eunice 2000"
Another popular solution used when laying waterproof porcelain stoneware is Eunice 2000. It is a high-strength adhesive that is often used for cladding the facades of private houses. When laying a floor surface, experts advise using material measuring 60 x 60 centimeters. For the walls, it is better to choose a smaller tile - 30 x 30 centimeters.
Also "Eunice 2000" is often used to level irregularities on surfaces.
Bolars WallFix Keramik
Experts recommend using Bolars WallFix Keramik when gluing terracotta or glass mosaics. Also, the solution is used for the installation of tiles, which have a water absorption of more than three percent.The material is best fixed on concrete, plaster and cement surfaces. The heat resistance of the solution makes it possible to apply it on floors equipped with an additional heating system.
Litoflex K80
High quality mortar made from additives and cement that increase the strength of the adhesive. Litoflex K80 is resistant to frost, humidity and high temperatures. Thanks to these characteristics, it is used both outdoors and indoors. Litoflex K80 is also used for coating deformed surfaces.
Ceresit CM-11
Some people think this compound is suitable for outdoor use, but it is not. When laying Ceresit CM-11 porcelain stoneware, use only indoors. It cannot be used in rooms with high humidity, as the adhesive loses its adhesive properties due to humidity.
Keraflex Maxi
An improved adhesive for laying ceramic surfaces up to 15 millimeters thick. When creating the composition, modern Dust Free technology was used, which cleans the mixture of dangerous components harmful to human health. Keraflex Maxi is not afraid of moisture and frost, so it can be used outdoors.
KNAUF Fliesen
The composition is intended to cope with:
- Sten. In this case, a ceramic plate with dimensions of 35 x 35 centimeters is used.
- Paul. The glue is suitable for floor coverings without a heating system. Porcelain stoneware with a size of 65 x 65 centimeters is used as a facing material.
Conclusion
For facing walls and floors, special adhesive mixtures are often used.Before using them, you should familiarize yourself with the types of solutions and their peculiarities.