Rules for planting and caring for actinidia, the nuances of growing a plant
Planting and caring for actinidia is a fairly urgent problem. To grow this plant, planting work must be carried out correctly, observing the conditions and requirements of the soil. The subsequent care of the culture is not negligible. To do this, it is worth watering the plant in time, applying fertilizers and pruning. In order for a plant to develop normally, it must provide quality protection against diseases and pests.
Description and characteristics
Actinidia is a perennial vine that has entire leaves. The plant is very decorative, as the foliage has a variegated color.The stems and branches of the crop need support. The flowers are single or gather in groups. The corolla is usually white, but there are yellow or orange flowers.
male flowers
A characteristic feature of the plant is the absence of a pistil against the background of a large number of stamens.
female flowers
These flowers, in addition to pollen stamens, which do not participate in pollination, contain a large pistil in the center.
How to plant in the ground
In order for the culture to develop normally, it is necessary to strictly follow the rules for carrying out planting work.
The timing
The timing of planting actinidia is of great importance. The further development of culture depends on it.
spring planting
The plant is planted in early spring. This is done before sap flow and bud break.
Autumn
During this period, planting a plant is also allowed. But at the same time, it is important to determine the period that remains before the onset of stable frosts. The plant should be planted 2-3 weeks before.
Support selection
Actinidia is a vine, so it requires the use of support. To do this, you can use any durable structures - wood, concrete, metal. The shape can also be different. An arched trellis is often made, walls and hedges are used.
Preparation of soil and planting material
The plant grows well in poor soils. However, when planted in fertile soil, more active growth is observed.
Alkaline soils should not be used, as they inhibit the plant.
To prepare the soil, the top layer of the earth is mixed with 10 kilograms of rotten manure, 200 grams of superphosphate, 80 grams of potassium fertilizer, 300 grams of ash.
In order for the culture to develop well, you need to pay attention to the choice of planting material. To ensure normal pollination, a female plant and a male plant should be planted on the site.
Landing scheme
Planting grooves should be prepared in advance - 2 weeks before planting. The soil can settle under the influence of natural factors. The size of the recess should be 50x50x50 centimeters.
At the bottom it is worth laying 10-15 centimeters of expanded clay or broken brick.
When choosing a planting scheme, it is worth considering the type of plant. For kolomikta, 1 meter is enough, the argument needs 1.5-2 meters. To form a hedge, the distance is reduced to 0.5 meters.
How to take care
In order for the plant to develop fully, it must receive comprehensive and high-quality care.
watering
Actinidia requires moderate watering. At the same time, watering the soil is too often prohibited. The soil should not dry out. In case of drought, 2-3 buckets of water should be poured under the plant.
Fertilization and feeding
In the spring, actinidia need fertilizers based on nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. You can use Nitroammophos. 1 tablespoon of the substance is added under each plant. The second feeding is carried out during the formation of the ovaries. In this case, 16-19 grams of nitrogenous agents and 20 grams of potassium and phosphorus are added.
Finally, the plant is fed in mid-September. Nitrogen preparations are not used.
Under 1 bush it is worth adding 1 spoonful of potassium salt and the same amount of superphosphate.
Size in summer
At the end of summer, pruning is not recommended. During this period, damage to shoots leads to the awakening of buds on the branches of the current year.Young branches do not have time to ripen and die with the onset of cold weather.
After fruit harvest
The shoots should be shortened every year after harvesting. 4-5 buds should be left above the highest berry. It is recommended to cover the sections with garden soil. Subsequent pruning aims to thin out and remove dead branches.
Prepare for winter
A variety of actinidia - kolomikta, is characterized by sufficient winter hardiness. In the south, it easily tolerates frost. But when grown in the north, the crop should be covered. At the end of October, the vines are removed from the supports and placed on the ground. From above it is worth sprinkling it with dry foliage or spruce branches.
the reproduction
For the reproduction of actinidia to be successful, it is necessary to choose the right technique for the procedure.
Overlay of arcs
It is a simple method that ensures you get good material. To do this, in the spring you need to choose a developed shoot, tilt it to the ground and tie it with a wedge. Sprinkle the attachment area with soil, making a layer of 12-14 centimeters. Then pour plenty of water over it.
During the growing season, the soil should be periodically moistened. The finished plant should be separated from the mother and transplanted to a permanent site. This is recommended in the spring.
Cuttings
This method is considered the most effective. In mid-June, it is worth cutting young shoots and dividing them into cuttings. Their length should be 12-15 centimeters. It is recommended to do this in cloudy weather. Each cutting should have 3 buds and 2 internodes.
The finished material should be kept in a stimulant and transplanted into a greenhouse.In the spring, the cuttings are carefully dug up and transplanted into a bed with loose soil.
Lignified cuttings
This method is used less often, since such cuttings root less well. It is recommended to procure materials in late fall. It should be placed in boxes and sprinkled with river sand. Store at + 2-4 degrees. After that, move the cuttings into the greenhouse and water once a day. In the fall, they will have roots. At this time, the plant is moved to the garden bed.
Seeds
To do this, it is worth collecting seeds from ripe fruits. It is recommended to place them in cheesecloth, knead and rinse. Dry the resulting material in a shaded place. In December, put it in water and keep it for 4 days. It is recommended to change the fluid daily. Wrap the seeds in a cloth and place them in a box filled with moist sand.
After 60 days, the seeds should have a temperature of +11 degrees. When sprouts appear, they are planted in a special mixture.It is made of earth and sand. When 3 true leaves appear, a greenhouse dive is performed.
Diseases and pests
The culture is resistant to diseases and pests. To protect the plant from negative factors, it must receive good care.
Fungal diseases
Such infections damage various parts of the plant. The leaves often fall off, the flowers wither, the bark darkens. In some cases, there is a risk of death of the entire bush.
Gray and green mold
Most often, these diseases are susceptible to actinidia argut. To cope with diseases, berries, leaves and branches are removed. You also need prophylactic treatment with liquid Bordeaux at a concentration of 1%.
Fruit rot
This disease causes fetal damage. As a result, the processes of their decomposition begin, which leads to a loss of yield. Fungicides will help cope with the problem.
leaf beetles
They are dangerous insects that eat away swollen buds at the end of the growing season. Subsequently, they eat the pulp of the leaves.
moth caterpillars
These pests feed on actinidia leaves. As a result, huge holes remain on their surface.
bark beetles
The plant is susceptible to bark beetle attacks. These insects damage the bark of the vine. To cope with pests, it is worth treating the culture with Bordeaux liquid.
lacewing
These insects also negatively affect the development of the plant. To get rid of pest larvae, it is worth treating the culture with Bordeaux liquid.
Popular varieties and types
Today, there are many types of actinidia that can be grown in different regions.
Arguta
It is the strongest culture growing in the Far East. It reaches a height of 30 meters. The fruits are spherical and dark green in color.
self-fertile
It is a hardy culture that begins to bear fruit at the end of September. The berries weigh 18 grams and are elongated. They have a light green tint. It is possible to harvest up to 12 kilograms of fruit from 1 bush.
Primorskaya
It is a large-fruited female variety with a late ripening period. The vine grows quickly and has bright green foliage.
big fruit
It is a dioecious variety characterized by resistance to frost and dry weather. The fruit is elliptical in shape and has a dark green hue. They are characterized by an average ripening period and weigh from 10 to 18 grams.
Balsamic
It is a late variety which is harvested in the second half of September. The fruits weigh 5-6 grams. In shape, they are almost parallelepipedal with rounded tops. Its diameter is about 2 centimeters.
Dashnaya
This type of actinidia is characterized by fruits weighing 6 grams. From 1 bush you can get 2.6 kilograms of fruit. The plant is characterized by medium frost resistance.
Ilona
The fruits of this plant weigh about 4 grams. It is possible to harvest 2.2 kilograms of fruit from 1 bush. Culture is characterized by medium resistance to temperature decrease.
Mikheevskaya
Actinidia are moderately resistant to frost. From 1 bush you can get up to 4 kilograms of harvest. The fruits weigh about 9 grams.
september
It is one of the most popular cultures. The liana reaches 7 meters and has a long flowering. The period of productivity does not exceed 30-40 years.
Relay race
It is a large-fruited variety that produces fruits weighing 17 grams. It is possible to get 4.5 kilograms of berries from one bush.
Kolomikta
This variety is frost resistant. In height, it reaches 5-10 meters. The barrel has a diameter of 20 millimeters.
pineapple
This culture is characterized by rapid growth and is considered quite fruitful. It produces oval fruits. Their size reaches 3 centimeters. The berries are green in color and have a red barrel. The fruit tastes like pineapple.
Dr. Shimanovsky
It is a hardy variety with variegated leaves and an average ripening period. The fruits reach 3 grams and are 2.5 centimeters long. They are green in color. Inside there is a tender pulp. It has a sweet and sour taste.
Gourmet
It is a relatively new variety that has an average ripening period. It is characterized by large fruits reaching 32 millimeters.Their weight is 4-5.5 grams.
Magpie
The fruits of the plant ripen in the first half of August. The culture is disease resistant. It has curly shoots up to 3 meters long. The pulp has a sweet taste. At the same time, it is characterized by a pronounced apple aroma.
queen of the garden
It is a Russian variety that belongs to the dessert group. Culture is a climbing vine that grows up to 7-9 meters. The plant is able to withstand frosts down to -35 degrees. The yield does not exceed 1-2 kilograms per plant. He rarely encounters diseases and pests.
People
This plant has an average ripening period. The shoots grow slower than most vines. The fruits are small in size and weigh 4-4.5 grams.
They are distinguished by a sweet-sour taste and a rich apple smell.
Polygamous
The plant reaches 4-5 meters and has oblong leaves. They have a green tint and are covered with silver spots. The weight of the fruits is about 3 grams.
Apricot
This culture is characterized by moderate hardiness and late ripening of fruits. The berries are flattened and weigh about 6 grams. They are characterized by a sweet and sour taste.
Gorgeous
This variety is considered winter hardy. It is resistant to diseases and pests. The plant has fragrant fruits weighing 3.5 grams. They are characterized by an acid taste.
patterned
The fruits are cylindrical and orange in color. The variety is considered late and has a fig-pepper aroma.
yellow brooch
This variety produces yellow fruits that weigh about 5.4 grams. It is possible to harvest 3 kilograms of fruit from 1 bush. The plant is able to withstand frosts down to -30 degrees.
Lesnoe
This plant produces fruits weighing 7.5 grams. It is possible to harvest up to 3.2 kilograms of crop from each bush.Culture is distinguished by excellent frost resistance.
Giraldi
This plant is rarely found in nature, so it was listed in the Red Book.
Julienne
The plant bears flattened green berries. They weigh 10-15 grams and are distinguished by a sweet taste and an apple-pineapple smell.
Alevtina
The berries are characterized by a flattened barrel shape. They are green in color and weigh 12 to 20 grams. The fruit is characterized by a sweet taste and a pronounced aroma.
Native
It is a late variety that has short barrel-shaped berries. They weigh 7-10 grams and are distinguished by a pronounced pineapple aroma.
Mauve
This type of culture has strong and powerful shoots that grow up to 20 meters. The leaves are oblong in shape and reach a length of 12 centimeters. The fruit has a purple hue and a sweet taste.
Hybrid
This variety was obtained by crossing actinidia argut with violet. As a result, we managed to get a frost-resistant and large-fruited hybrid.
Large-fruited Kievskaya
It is a late variety with large oval fruits. They have a green tint and weigh 10 grams.
Candy
Culture is characterized by a late ripening period. It is characterized by green oval fruits. They weigh 8 grams and have a sweet caramel flavor.
Memory
The fruits are characterized by a green-red tint and weigh 8 grams. They are characterized by a sweet taste and fig aroma.
Useful properties and contraindications
Ripe berries contain a lot of starch, fiber and pectin. The composition contains vitamins, minerals, alkaloids. Actinidia fruits contain a lot of vitamin C. They contain vitamins A and P.
The seeds of the fruit contain a lot of fatty oils.
Fruits are used for pathologies of the digestive organs, they help to cope with anemia, lung diseases, rheumatism. They can be used for dental caries, vitamin deficiencies, colitis.
Other plant fragments also differ in their healing characteristics. The bark contains tannins. It also includes cardiac glycosides. Thanks to this, the plant has an expectorant effect, stops bleeding, strengthens the body and soothes the nervous system.
Actinidia is often used for heartburn, belching, and other digestive disorders. Thanks to this, the plant accelerates the digestion of meat and has a mild laxative effect.
Care should be taken when using actinidia. Fruits have no specific contraindications. However, doctors advise not to abuse it for people with thrombophlebitis, varicose veins or increased blood clotting. Overeating berries can cause intestinal upset.
Folk recipes
There are many folk remedies for actinidia that provide tremendous benefits for the body.
Fruit tea
For the manufacture of the product, it is recommended to pour the dried berries with water and put on a small fire. Bake 1 hour. Turn off, cool and filter. Consume after meals. It should be done in small portions.
The infusion helps prevent cancer.
berry ointment
This remedy has a regenerating effect. To do this, it is worth grinding fresh fruits, mixing them with fat and chopped mustard seeds. Use for massages. Also, the composition helps to recover from fractures.
Bark decoction
To obtain a useful product, 20 grams of crushed bark should be mixed with 250 milliliters of boiling water and infused for half an hour in a steam bath.Cool and drain. Drink 3 times a day, 2-3 large spoons. The composition eliminates metabolic disorders in the body.
Infusion of flowers and foliage
To make a medicinal infusion, it is necessary to take 20 grams of crushed raw materials, add 250 milliliters of boiling water and leave to infuse in a steam bath for a quarter of an hour. Cool and filter. Drink a third of a glass three times a day.
The composition is taken for angina and rheumatism.
Harvest and storage
Actinidia gives a harvest in 3-4 years. Plants older than 7 years consistently bear fruit. From 1 bush it is possible to get 12-60 kilograms of harvest. It is recommended to harvest it at the end of August and until the frosts.
It is recommended to store fresh fruit in cool rooms with normal ventilation. They can also be dried, frozen, crushed with sugar, dried in the oven.
Use in landscaping
Actinidia is considered an excellent ornamental culture. During flowering, she decorates the dacha with delicately fragrant flowers, and in autumn she complements the garden with variegated leaves. In landscaping, the plant is used for landscaping vertical surfaces. Vine shoots wrap beautifully around objects. They make it possible to refine fences, terraces, gazebos.
Actinidia can be used to decorate gazebos and arches. With its help, you can hide ugly buildings. The culture is characterized by rapid growth, which is considered an indisputable advantage.
The use of vertical supports makes it possible to give the right direction to the vine. Planting the plant close to the walls will provide maximum comfort. The culture will be able to develop normally.
Actinidia is a fairly popular culture that is developing rapidly. It produces sweet and tasty fruits with a pleasant aroma.To cultivate this vine, it must be provided with quality care. It includes timely watering, fertilizing and pruning. Culture needs protection from pests and dangerous diseases.