Composition and characteristics of oil paints for wood, scope of application

When carrying out construction or finishing work, an important issue is the selection of effective compounds that protect the wood. This material does not tolerate external influences and breaks down in conditions of high humidity. To avoid such consequences, oil paints are used for wood, which prevent rotting of the base and the appearance of mold with fungus.

General idea about oil paintings

Oil paints are less often used in construction and finishing works than alkyd, acrylic, silicone and other similar compounds. This is because the latter create a more durable coating that lasts for several years.

Oil paints are produced in two types:

1. Liquid coating. This type of dye is immediately ready for use.
2. Gustotert. Before starting work, this dye should be mixed with drying oil in the recommended proportions.

Oil paints based on natural drying oil are considered optimal for home use. This component protects the wood from external influences and has no negative effect on the human body.

The scope and characteristics of this material also depend on the form in which the product is released. Oil paints and enamels are available. The first is an oil-based suspension, the second is a mixture of pigments and fillers. In this case, the enamel is varnish-based.

Composition and specifications

This paint consists of the following components:

1. Pigments and inorganic substances. These are insoluble components in the form of mineral powder particles. These substances are responsible for the color of the coating, the purity of the tone and the tinting ability of the material.
2. Glyphthalic, combined, pentaphthalic or natural drying oil.
3. Fillers. Quartz, sand, asbestos and other substances are used as additional components. Fillers provide the main characteristics of the material (strength, resistance to external influences, etc.).

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The main characteristics of oil paints are as follows:

1. The concentration of substances that are responsible for film formation. The minimum amount of these components is 26% of the paint volume. The higher the concentration of these substances, the shorter the shelf life of the material. In addition, these components increase the hiding power of the paint.
2. Volatile content fraction. In a high-quality dye, this indicator should not exceed 10%. The higher the concentration of volatile substances, the more dangerous the material is for humans.
3. The degree of grinding of the components. Oil paints according to this criterion are divided into smooth (grinding degree - more than 90 micrometers) and fine-grained (less than 90 micrometers).
4. Degree of viscosity. For oil-based dyes, this indicator varies between 65 and 140 units.
5. The degree of water resistance. An indicator of 0-0.5 units is considered normal.
6. Hardness. An indicator of 0.13 units is considered normal.

The complete drying time of the material depends on the conditions of use. Separate formulations cure in 12 hours. But most often this process takes up to a day.

Oil paint marking

Such paints are marked according to the characteristics of the composition and the scope of application. The first letters mean:

• GF - the base of the dye is glyphtal;
• MA - drying oil (natural or combined);
• PF - pentaphthalic drying oil;
• PE - polyester resins.

For external use, formulations with the number "1" in the marking are used, for internal work - "2". If “3” or “4” is indicated, then these are dye-preserving varieties; "5" and "6" are special materials. Compounds marked "7" that are resistant to chemicals.

The second digit also indicates the workbook type:

• 1 - natural drying oil;
• 2 - oxol;
• 3 - glyphthalic drying oil;
• 4 - pentaphthalic drying oil;
• 5 - combined drying oil.

If other numbers are used in the marking, these hide the serial number of the product.

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Color pallet

The color palette is determined by the type of pigment. The composition of oil dyes includes colors of organic and inorganic origin. The first type of pigments is rare. Mineral colors are also subdivided into 2 types. Achromats are used to obtain gray, white or black colors.

If other shades are needed, you need to purchase paints with chromatic pigments. These colors help to achieve any color.

Advantages and disadvantages of painting with oil compositions

This last drawback is typical of all oil-based formulations. For these reasons, these materials are mainly used for outdoor work.

Apps

As stated, oil paints are primarily used for outdoor use. Basically, such compositions are used to treat surfaces that are in regular contact with water. However, when creating the necessary conditions (by ventilation, etc.), these dyes can be used for internal work.

Rules and features of the application

Painting surfaces with oil-based compositions is done in two stages. First of all, you need to prepare the foundation, for which you will need to perform the following steps:

1. Remove the old paint and clean the surface with scrapers and solvents.If wood treatment is planned, rotten parts must be replaced before starting the procedure. Old paint is removed with a special paint remover and stiff brushes.
2. Fill in the irregularities.
3. Sand the treated surface.
4. Apply a primer. Wood should be treated with compounds with antiseptic properties. In this case, it is recommended to apply 2 coats of primer.
5. Cover areas that will not be painted with masking tape.

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At the second stage, you need to decide on the method of applying the paint. If you plan to process a large area, it is recommended to use a spray gun. In other cases, rollers and brushes are used.

Before use, oil paint should be thoroughly mixed to a smooth, creamy consistency. If this is not done, the coating will be uneven after application. The film that forms on the surface of the paint must be carefully removed with gauze or a cloth. If small particles get into the composition, the material must be filtered.

It is recommended to first apply the coating to hard-to-reach areas using a brush. Then, using a roller, smooth surfaces are painted. Re-treatment can be carried out after the complete drying of the first coat.

If necessary, before starting work, a solvent (white spirit, gasoline, kerosene, drying oil or other) must be added to the paint. This will help to achieve the optimal consistency of the composition.

Storage conditions

Oil paints should be stored in tightly closed containers in a well-ventilated, dark place. The material retains its characteristics for 1-5 years.This indicator depends on both the manufacturer and the characteristics of the composition.