Types of wood paints and how to apply compounds inside and outside the house
A special paint or varnish for wood helps protect the tree from water, ultraviolet rays, microbial activity, fungi and insects. These paints and varnishes have high decorative properties. The use of paints and varnishes (especially transparent) not only protects the wood, but also reveals the true beauty of natural wood.
The need to paint a house from a bar
When building a house from a bar (solid or glued), it becomes necessary to paint it. After all, this building material is nothing more than a log with a sawn surface on all four sides. Glued - consists of sawn, dried and glued boards. The timber has a square or rectangular section with a width of 10 cm and a length of 2 to 9 meters or more. Houses are built from this building material, partitions, walls inside buildings are made. Beam is used on supporting beams, laths, risers.
Wood that has not been treated with a coating tends to absorb moisture.Water penetrating inside leads to rotting of the wood. Under the influence of moisture, mold and fungus develop, in addition, air is displaced from the micropores of wood, which is a natural and most effective insulation. As a result, the thermal insulation properties of the tree deteriorate.
In loose wood that is exposed to fungus, rot spots and cracks form. Insects can settle in an unprotected tree and move there. Structures damaged by moisture, fungus, insects can lead to an emergency. This wood cannot be repaired and restored. That is why it is important to paint a wooden house, especially on the outside. It is advisable to treat the wood before painting with insecticidal, fungicidal agents against insects and fungi, as well as flame retardants for fire protection.
Reasons to paint a house from a bar:
- protection against moisture, dust, ultraviolet rays;
- protection against fungus and insects;
- for a more decorative look;
- to simplify maintenance during operation.
What coloring compositions are used
Various paints and varnishes are used to paint wood. The main thing when choosing a paint is the ability to paint wood. The characteristics and purpose of each paint are usually written on the label, packaging or instructions.
Paints and varnishes are divided into two types:
- transparent (varnishes, impregnations) - emphasizes the beauty of the tree;
- opaque (paints) - gives a continuous coating.
Paints
For painting wood, paints based on water or solvent (drying oil) are suitable, with the addition (if necessary) of acrylates, pigments, resins and various fillers.Such paint materials are easy to use, moreover, they have a long period of protection (more than 10-20 years).
Oil
These are completely ready-to-use formulations of various colors based on organic solvent (drying oil). Oil paints have a pungent smell and a long drying time. They form a durable glossy film on the wood.
Wax
The composition of wax paints necessarily includes natural wax (beeswax, carnauba) or products of the petrochemical industry. Such components are able to form a protective film against moisture on the surface of wood. Wax paints may contain linseed, hemp or tung oil, drying oil, turpentine, conifer resin.
Acrylic
The composition of acrylic paint includes polymer materials that easily dissolve in water, as well as fillers and pigments. Usually these painting materials are white. Tinted at buyer's request in any shade. Water-based paints and varnishes are diluted with water. Apply to the surface by roller, spray gun or brush.Once the water evaporates, a permanent protective film forms on the bar.
Silicate
It is a durable mineral paint with liquid glass in its composition. Some paint materials also use organosilicon resins. Mainly used for facade works.
water soluble
These are water-based (silicone, silicate) or water-based (acrylic, latex) paints. In the composition of these paint materials there are polymer additives, which after evaporation of water form a stable film of protection against moisture, as well as hardeners and pigments.
Lucky
To give a shine to wood, wood varnishes containing resins, oils, organic compounds are used. Such paint materials usually have a transparent composition and a viscous consistency. After application to the wood and drying, they form a glossy and durable film.
Alcohol
Such paint materials dry very quickly, since they contain not only resins, but also rapidly evaporating ethyl alcohol. After application, a shiny film forms on the surface.
Acrylic
These are water-based paint materials (acrylic dispersion) with plasticizers in the composition. Dries in just 2-3 hours. Can be used for interior and facade work, including on damp wood.
Polyurethane
These are varnishes with resins and hardeners in the composition. They are usually used for facade work. They are distinguished by a long period of final hardening (2-3 weeks) and high strength.
alkyd
It is a type of varnish based on solvent, alkyd resin and desiccant. The synthetic composition of these paint materials gives the coating abrasion resistance and strength. They are used for facade and interior work.
Oil
These are varnishes with oils, resins and organic compounds in the composition. These paint materials have a thick consistency. It is difficult to apply them to wood with a brush.After varnishing, a thick transparent layer with a yellowish tint is formed.
Nitrocellulose
They are similar to alkyd varnishes, only these paints and varnishes dry faster. The composition contains resins, cellulose nitrate, plasticizer, solvent. They are rarely used for facade work.
Preparing the walls for painting
Before painting, the wood and the surface (wall, partition) must be carefully prepared for it. As a rule, painting of wood is carried out after the completion of construction or installation work. The desired air temperature is +10 degrees Celsius and above. It is not recommended to carry out preparation and repair robots in conditions of high humidity.
Surface cleaning
First of all, the wood must be cleaned of dirt and dust. It is advisable to wipe off oil and tar stains with a solvent. Any contamination can affect the quality of the topcoat. If there is any old cracked paint, remove it completely with a medium-grit abrasive pad. Partial repairs can be made with a small area of destruction, with the same composition used for the initial painting of the wood. In any case, the surface must be clean and smooth before painting.
Coarse sanding
It is advisable to purchase a grinder or grinder with different abrasive discs, sandpaper for grinding wood.The thickness of the removed layer of wood depends on the number of grits (from 40 to 220) of the abrasive, the higher it is, the finer the grit. It is recommended to grind the wood before painting or varnishing the walls. Grinding is carried out only after the wood is completely dry. A respirator and goggles are used to protect the respiratory system and eyes. A vacuum cleaner is used to remove the dust.
With the help of coarse grinding and coarse-grained nozzles (40-60 number), the top layer is removed, the surface is leveled and various defects are removed. In the process of work, you will have to change the abrasive several times. Nozzles often get clogged with small pieces of wood. After sanding, the surface must be cleaned of dust.
Selection and application of an antiseptic as a protective layer
After wood grinding (medium coarse grain nozzles), antiseptics are used before fine grinding. The wood is treated with special compounds with insecticidal and fungicidal properties. It is also desirable to carry out the treatment with a flame retardant flame retardant.
Medium grinding
After coarse sanding, they pass over the surface of the wood with an abrasive nozzle of medium grit (number 100). Such grinding is used in restoration work when it is necessary to remove the old layer of paint before painting again.
Padding
A mandatory element before painting is priming. The choice of primer depends on the composition of the future finishing coating (paint). For acrylic paints, an acrylic primer is used, for alkyd paints, exclusively alkyd.
Fine sanding
Solid wood after coarse and medium grinding is subjected to fine grinding (number 120-180) after using water-soluble antiseptics to give the surface smoothness before painting. Glued building materials are not rough sanded.
After impregnation and before painting, such a bar is immediately sanded with fine emery paper or a fine-grained abrasive nozzle.
How to properly apply paint or varnish
The wood surface can only be painted after the wood is completely dry. For painting, use a roller, brush or spray gun. It is advisable to paint the wood along the boards and not across them. Painting materials are usually applied in 2 layers.
After the first coating, you need to wait the time indicated in the instructions. The initial coat of paint must dry completely before applying a new coat. During drying, it is advisable to protect the surface from moisture.
Color matching features
The wood can be any color. True, most often they try not to paint the texture of the tree with solid paint, but to impregnate it with translucent solutions and varnishes. The color is chosen depending on the style of the building, its location, area and height. Usually, for exterior work, brown, yellowish, beige paints, that is, natural natural shades, are used.