Classification of mineral paints, scope and rules of work

In construction, paints and varnishes serve not only as a decorative coating, but also perform protective functions. Therefore, special attention is paid to the composition and technical characteristics. Mineral paint is used as a clean and environmentally friendly material for surface coating. This finish allows the walls to pass air, remove excess moisture, and also improves resistance to external factors.

general description

This type of paint materials is obtained by mixing substances obtained from natural minerals or artificial chemical compounds. Natural components - minerals - are part of rocks, ores, meteorites. They have a natural composition and crystal structure. They can be in liquid or solid state. During the production process, to obtain a decorative material, the minerals are crushed to obtain a powder state.

Mineral-based paints and varnishes are marketed as a dry mix. Diluted with water to obtain a working composition. Apply the ready-to-use solution in clear, warm weather.

The paint is used for:

• restoration of building facade surfaces;
• interior decoration;
• design solutions;
• easel painting (making icons, frescoes).

The main advantage of paints with a mineral composition is vapor permeability, which allows excess moisture to escape from the inside. After drying, paint materials are not afraid of low temperatures. Paint belongs to environmentally friendly decorative coatings, as it is of natural origin.

Existing natural pigments

The main components of paint materials are pigments obtained from natural materials. Their physical properties affect the characteristics of the final product. To obtain paint, the components are ground into small grains, heated to high temperature.

The main pigments commonly used are:

1. Chalk is the most commonly used natural component in decorative materials. Serves as a constituent substance in sealants. Chalk is used in a mixture with zinc, lithopone, ore, lead.
2. Ocher is a pigment that has several shades: from yellowish to rich brown. After thermal exposure, the material becomes reddish brown. After adding ocher, the density increases, the protective properties of the dye composition increase. The surface becomes resistant to hydroxides.
3. The crown is used to obtain yellow and red paint. The tint varies from light to dark, does not lose its saturation for a long time.
4. The mummy is added to a lightfast decorative material, as well as oil formulations. Gives a red yellow-brown color.
5. Sienna - the component has a gray-brown or orange tone. When heated, it takes on a brown color. Paint with this pigment is acid-resistant and has low hiding power.
6. Red leaded iron makes the surface red or brown. It is added to the paint with connection elements. Resistant to the manifestation of external factors, has a high degree of covering power.
7. Graphite gray is a dark gray or black component. The coloring power is at a high level. The coating is not affected by sunlight, high temperatures.

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Classification of mineral compositions

Mineral dyes are composed of a pigment, an organic or inorganic substance, a binder and a thinner.

All types are conventionally divided into groups: according to the amount of pigment and solvent.

By the amount of pigment

They differ in compositional parameters, characteristics, color, origin and other features. By chemical composition, they are divided into: inorganic and organic pigments. The natural component gives the coating color.

Synthetic pigments are produced by chemical reactions. Combine different color bases.

By solvent

Dry powder cannot be applied to the surface, so it is first diluted with water.

They are classified into groups:

1. Lime-based paints. They are mainly used to decorate the coating of buildings. The basis is slaked lime, to which various components are added: to increase performance. The material is characterized by a low price, presented in pastel colors. The service life of paint materials can be up to 2 years.
2. Painting materials with a cement composition. Suitable for wall decoration of all materials. The main components are white cement, hydrated lime and calcium chloride to increase the setting process.
3. Silicate compounds are used indoors and outdoors. The advantages of silicate-based paint materials include: resistance to high temperatures, sunlight, precipitation. The surface allows air masses to penetrate the structure.In some types, manufacturers use special additives that increase anti-corrosion performance.

Apps

Materials with mineral composition are marketed as a dry mix that requires dilution with water. Ready mixes are diluted with solvents: cement, silicate, casein.

The facades, the interior walls are decorated with casein dye. Plaster walls, as well as concrete and brick, are covered with liquid glass, silicate-based mineral paint. Inside, decorative coatings are used.

Rules for working with mineral paint

The work is carried out in the same way as when using water-based paint. It is convenient to apply the material to the surface with a roller or brush. Before painting, prepare the material and the countertop.

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Application technology:

1. The old coating is removed from the walls or any other surface, irregularities are removed with a spatula. Remove dust and dirt with a construction vacuum.
2. Uneven places, holes, cracks are sealed with putty. After the material has dried, the surface is sanded.
3. Before painting, the protruding parts: baseboards, door frame, window sill are sealed with masking tape. The floors are covered with aluminum foil.
4. The walls are pre-primed in 2-3 layers. Allow to dry completely.
5. Dilute the paint with water according to the instructions. Apply the first coat by roller or brush, let dry completely. They paint the surface again, trying to evenly distribute the composition.

Compared to other types of decorative finishes, mineral-based paints are popular due to their environmental friendliness, safety and ease of use. Mineral paints allow you to create a beautiful surface without much effort.