Rules for growing and caring for roses in the open field
Filling the flowerbeds of the garden with the queens of the flower world is the dream of both professional and novice gardeners. Roses are rather fussy plants that prefer to grow in warm climates. When growing fragrant beauties, it is important to properly organize care and choose a place on the site, roses need systematic fertilizing and regular pruning of bushes.
Description and characteristics of the plant
Roses are considered a lady's flower. The plant is ideal for bouquets, flower arrangements and landscape decoration. There are several types of royal flowers:
- Standard;
- tea rooms;
- Bush;
- escalation;
- to park.
Each type of rose assumes its own shades of cultivation and types of pruning, has its own characteristics and characteristics.
General characteristics and features of growing roses:
- The ancestor is the dog rose.
- Most varieties are frost-resistant, but require shelter for the winter.
- They are demanding on the lighting of the place of growth.
- Without pruning and with reduced daylight hours, it quickly turns into a rosehip.
- Cannot be planted in humid areas with high groundwater levels, it harms the root system of the plant.
- It is necessary to strictly observe the planting scheme in order to avoid thickening of plantings.
Fragrant beauties are susceptible to fungal diseases. Therefore, roses should be planted in well-ventilated, well-ventilated areas with enough sunlight, on hills the soil should be loose, with a high content of nutrients and humus. It is recommended to purchase seedlings of garden roses with a closed root system.
how to plant
To make the flower beds pleasing to the eye and bring less trouble, it is important to observe the time of planting and properly prepare and disinfect the soil, follow the planting scheme and select planting material from high quality.
The timing
The best time to plant seedlings is spring. It is important to wait until the ground has warmed up and the threat of frost has passed. Optimum soil temperature - not lower than +12 C. It is also not worth delaying the planting of roses in the open ground, in adverse weather conditions it is better to cover young plants with covering material than to be late with a transplant.
On a note! For better development of the root system of future plants, it is important that the soil is not overdried and the sun has not yet entered the phase of active action.
In autumn, roses can also be planted in open ground, it is important that the flower has time to create a root system before the onset of frosts, it should be at least a month before the first snowfalls.
How to prepare the ground
Stagnation of moisture at the roots of fragrant beauty is detrimental to the plant, which is why drainage is made at the bottom of the planting pits. Expanded clay, charcoal, river pebbles or crushed stone can serve as drainage. Roses love "oily" soil, the planting hole should be fertilized with rotten manure or humus mixed with sand or basic soil.
Rose bushes prefer muddy soils, but can also be grown on loam, it is important to provide plants with regular weeding, loosening and sunlight.
Before placing the seedling in the hole, spill it with boiling water or a solution of potassium permanganate, it is advisable to add a few handfuls of wood ash. These measures disinfect the soil, fight against fungi and harmful insects that live in the soil.
Preparation of planting material
It is recommended to buy seedlings from reliable sellers: in nurseries or specialized stores. Parameters of healthy seedlings:
- The root system is well developed, the roots show no signs of rotting or damage.
- On the trunk there are green twigs - 3-4 leaves.
- The color of the greenery is bright, dark green, without yellow spots, holes and white bloom.
- The roots are well hydrated.
- The height of young shoots reaches 10-15 centimeters.
- Seedlings with a closed root system take root better.
Before planting, the bushes are additionally moistened and sprayed with a solution of potassium permanganate or brilliant green.The roots should be spread directly into the planting pit.
How to plant correctly
Roses grow poorly in dense plantings, flowers lack sunlight and air. It is best to plant the plants in a checkerboard pattern at a distance of 60-80 centimeters. The depth of the planting pit is 1 meter, it is necessary to install drainage, the diameter of the hole is 50-60 centimeters.
The bush is planted in the center of the planting pit, carefully straightening the roots, the plant is watered and covered with a mixture of main soil and humus, then the earth is compacted.
Important! It is impossible to cover the grafting site with soil, it must be 3 centimeters above ground level.
Trunk circles can be mulched with a layer of sand; direct contact of the stem with organic fertilizers should not be allowed.
How to care for a summer cottage in an open space
In regions with a temperate climate and changing weather conditions, it is necessary to carry out systematic maintenance of flower beds. Depending on the time of year, the amount of natural precipitation and the ambient temperature, there are nuances in caring for plants in the open field.
watering
Most types of roses like regular, heavy watering, but there are exceptions to this rule. Pay attention to the watering needs of the variety being grown. Drip irrigation is ideal, but you can water the roses manually. Basic rules:
- Watering is carried out in the morning or in the evening.
- Avoid getting a lot of moisture on the leaves and flowers of the plant.
- After the end of flowering, the amount of irrigation is reduced.
- After watering, the soil next to the bush is loosened.
- The water should be soft, at room temperature.
The frequency of irrigation of plantations depends on the amount of seasonal rainfall and the ambient temperature. With excessive humidity, there is a risk of fungal diseases.
top dresser
Roses respond to the introduction of mineral fertilizers and organic matter with vigorous flowering and a healthy appearance. Plants can be fertilized with complex liquid additives, manure, mullein infusion or bird droppings. Organic and mineral complexes alternate. When preparing plants for winter, the bushes are covered with a layer of humus or manure mixed with the main soil and mulched with sawdust or hay.
Summer
Flower care depends on the season, in the spring the plants wake up and require additional feeding and digging, in the summer watering and maintaining the soil moisture balance is important, at the autumn, the plants are cut, fed and prepared for winter.
watering
In the summer, especially if the heat is settled, the roses need additional watering and loosening, they need to be fed, to maintain the level of soil moisture, the bushes graze.
Prikopka
If conditions are created so that it is not possible to plant roses in a permanent place, then live seedlings are added. To do this, dig holes near the top with a depth of about 50 centimeters and plunge the bushes into them all together, then cover them with soil so that the branches stick out.
Mulching
In order for the soil under the bushes to maintain the required level of moisture and be protected from the formation of an earthen crust, the trunk space is mulched. The best material in this case is freshly cut grass, sawdust, hay.
Note: According to statistics, roses grown with mulch are less susceptible to fungal diseases and insect pest attacks.
A layer of mulch additionally protects the root system of fragrant beauties from freezing and overheating.
What to feed
The feeding system of roses consists of alternating mineral and organic fertilizers. Mineral complexes should contain nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Bushes are often sprinkled with wood ash and fed with urea. The best organic material is infusions of mullein and chicken droppings, as well as rotten manure mixed with the main soil and a small amount of sand.
Mineral fertilizers
As a mineral fertilizer, gardeners fell in love with Hera complex fertilizer. Superphosphate, ammophos and urea are often used, which can be immediately added to the planting pit in small quantities.
Organic fertilizers
Rotten manure, peat, mullein are the main organic fertilizers for roses. Common yeast or blood meal is often used to stimulate flowering.
It is important not to use fresh manure, which can burn the roots and stems of the plant, the roses will wither or die.
Ready complex fertilizers
Complex feed can be found in any specialty store. All components of these dressings are carefully balanced and do not require additional application of third-party fertilizers. The choice of complex fertilizer depends on the variety and type of cultivated plant.
before flowering
During the budding period, roses need additional nutrition. Bushes should be fed with fertilizers containing nitrogen and phosphorus, these are natural plant growth stimulators.It also requires the introduction of organic matter for successful cultivation of healthy roses.
During flowering
For lush flowering, potassium is needed, roses respond perfectly to the introduction of mullein infusion during the flowering period. The popular method is to water the plants with yeast. Spraying ready-made complexes is used to cure leaves and inflorescences.
What if they bloom badly?
Roses react to adverse conditions by not flowering. The first year after planting does not count, but if the plants did not bloom in the second year, this signals possible mistakes by the gardener. The first step is to find the reason and then fix it.
The main activities that are carried out to stimulate flowering:
- Reconsider the planting site, roses need light.
- Make a sanitary and rejuvenating pruning of the bush.
- Apply potash fertilizers or dig manure under the bushes.
- Suppress root growth.
If a rose bush lives in one place for more than 5-6 years, it is recommended to transplant it, plantings rejuvenate, old shoots are cut off.
In autumn
The main purpose of applying autumn top dressings is to prepare plants for wintering, roses need additional nutrition before the winter period and reimbursement of energy costs for the past season.
potassium phosphorus
Phosphorus helps to strengthen the ability of the plant to withstand freezing temperatures in winter, in other words, when applying fertilizers containing phosphorus, the frost resistance of roses improves.Double superphosphate is a popular potassium-phosphorus group fertilizer; phosphate rock is also used. Fertilizers are applied to the soil in liquid form or added directly to the soil as granules. It is important to respect the dosage. This fertilizer is applied at the end of the season.
Based on boric acid
Boron is an essential part of good nutrition for roses. The lack of this trace element leads to deformation of the branches and stems of the plant, it has a lot of root growth and few inflorescences. Autumn dressing based on boric acid aims to strengthen the root system of roses. Boric acid powder is diluted in a ratio of 10 grams of powder per 10 liters of water. Plants are sprayed with a spray bottle.
On a note! Wood ash contains the amount of boron necessary for plant health.
Specialty Rose Fertilizers
As a complex feeding of flowering plants, specialized fertilizers are used. In such preparations, all trace elements are balanced and used in the required amounts in accordance with the dosage.
"Fertika"
A nutritious mixture for feeding roses based on humate and a selected complex of mineral microelements. Introduced in early spring to wake plants up and reduce post-winter stress. Strengthens the root system and increases the resistance of roses to infectious diseases.
"Gloria"
Mineral fertilizer based on potassium and phosphorus. It has a long-lasting effect, it is produced in the form of granules, which are laid around the bush after loosening or hilling. It is introduced into the ground before flowering, but also as an autumn dressing.
Bona Forte
The main action is to stimulate the flowering of roses, based on magnesium, vitamins and succinic acid. It is used as root and foliar nourishment. It belongs to the group of long-acting mineral fertilizers, improves plant immunity. It can be applied in any growing season.
"Pocon"
It is produced in the form of granules or liquid substances. It is introduced into the soil before flowering, it is enough to apply it once per season, since "Pocon" is a long-acting fertilizer, the granules gradually dissolve under the influence of water. The drug stimulates flowering and "enlarges" the inflorescences.
Belongs to the highest class of rose dressings, belongs to the phosphorus-potassium group, additionally contains nitrogen and iron.
Loosening
In order for the roses to be healthy, it is necessary to regularly loosen the bushes, ensuring good air circulation. No hard crust should form on the floor. The loosening procedure is combined with weeding and ends with mulching and fertilizing.
Size
For the correct and decorative formation of the bush, it is necessary to prune the plants with a pruner. This procedure not only allows you to give the plant an attractive appearance, but also helps to increase the number of buds, and is also a preventive measure in the fight against fungal diseases.
In spring
The main sanitary pruning of plants is underway. Dry and damaged stems should be removed from the bushes. The cut is made with secateurs at a slight angle. Heavy pruning is not recommended in cold or temperate regions.
Note that some varieties of modern roses should not be pruned.
In autumn
Fall pruning should be done during the first frost period.If you cut the roses earlier, they can harvest new buds, which will be picked up by frost. After the procedure, the roses should be covered, and the cuts should be sprinkled with wood ash or treated with antifungal drugs.
Characteristics of circumcision of various types
The grade and type of roses depends on the degree, regularity and type of pruning required. Before starting the procedure, they familiarize themselves with the requirements imposed by a certain variety or type of roses.
Tea hybrids and flower beds
In order to get large buds, tea roses are cut sharply, leaving only 2-3 pieces of main buds. If the purpose of the gardener is to create hedges for landscaping, then pruning is carried out in moderation, leaving up to 8 live buds. Dead and diseased branches are all removed.
pink stamps
The purpose of pruning is to form a beautiful crown. The standard rose bush is formed powerful and spreading, pruning is carried out to 4-5 live buds, it is necessary to remove all diseased and dried stems. Weeping varieties do not need this procedure.
Shrubs
It is recommended not to over-prune this type, the main purpose is to give a neat decorative look to a flowering shrub. Sanitary pruning is done in spring and fall. The main pruning consists of removing all the branches directed towards the center of the shrub. A mature rose is a plant made up of 5 to 6 strong main branches.
Escalation
The size depends on the variety, as a rule, small-flowered climbing representatives are not pruned, large-flowered ones are cut by a third, and some species are cut in half. The main procedure is carried out in early spring.
to park
The main purpose of pruning is to remove diseased and dried branches, as well as to stimulate the expansion of future inflorescences. All the stems formed under the grafting are cut out. To give the bush a neat shape, remove the branches that grow in the center and interfere with the growth of the young main stems. The cut is made at a distance of 5 millimeters from the living kidney at an angle of 40.
Kinds
Pruning roses, as a rule, is not only aimed at giving a decorative shape to the bush. This important procedure helps to prevent fungal diseases, stimulates flowering and enlargement of future inflorescences, and also rejuvenates the bush.
Sanitary
It is carried out in order to remove old dead stiff stems and young shoots. Various types of fungi and bacteria can settle on old branches, in addition, the plant acquires a sloppy look. The removed shoots are burned.
Rejuvenate
Extending the life of a rose bush and avoiding a reduction in the number of inflorescences over time is the objective of rejuvenating rose pruning. Any old woody stems are subject to removal. Older bushes are often pruned drastically, leaving only 2-3 buds above the scion. With proper care, some varieties of roses can grow without transplanting in one place for more than 15 years.
Stimulating
Getting the rose bush to bloom profusely and form new shoots is the main goal of stimulating pruning. All weak shoots are cut off strongly, and powerful ones - slightly.
Mulching
This stage of care is important for all types of roses. Mulching protects the root system from external influences: overheating or frost. In addition, an optimal balance of soil moisture is formed under the mulch.Softwood sawdust mulch disinfects the soil and repels certain types of insect pests.
Mulching is carried out after the procedure of loosening, removing weeds and applying fertilizer.
To shelter
Even frost-resistant varieties of roses need additional shelter for the winter in temperate regions. You can use agrofibers or specialized films. From improvised means, you can take hay, last year's foliage, spruce branches.
After removing the shelter in the spring, the bushes are thoroughly cleaned, the used roofing material is removed. Bushes are dug and loosened.
Graft
In order for the rosehip to turn into a rose, it must be grafted. The optimal time for vaccination is the beginning of August, it is important that the moment of active sap flow passes through the plant. Various varieties and types of roses can be used as stock. The color of the buds does not matter, there will be no cross-pollination. After the procedure, the rose is cared for as usual.
Transfer
It is often not recommended to replant roses, the plant is stressed during planting, it takes time to adapt to a new place. But if such a need arose, it is recommended to dig the bush with a lump of soil, with minimal damage to the root system. Before the onset of the winter period, transplanted roses require special care, the presence of additional shelter for the winter is a prerequisite.
Disease and pest control
Roses are whimsical plants that are often attacked by insect pests. Fragrant bushes have a large number of enemies.To minimize the risk of infection, it is necessary to carry out preventive treatment of the bushes, especially before flowering.
rose aphid
The most common pest, pests feed on plant juices, which begin to hurt, stems and shoots become deformed, buds become smaller and fall off, leaves become sticky, curl.
In the fight against rosacea aphids, folk methods are often used:
- Planting roses next to calendula, which attracts ladybugs - the main enemies of aphids.
- Spray the bushes with a laundry soap solution.
- Sprinkle the plants with wood ash or mustard powder.
- Application of onion peel and garlic tincture.
In case of severe infection, insecticides should be used: "Fufanon", "Karbofos", "Iskra".
Spider
It affects all types of roses, including indoor ones. It is difficult to notice the pest with the naked eye, the size of adults reaches 2 millimeters. The main signs of infection:
- Buds and inflorescences are covered with cobwebs.
- The leaves are covered with brown dots, turn yellow, curl, fall off.
- The plant is stunted, losing or not producing buds.
Spider mite colonies multiply rapidly and are able to quickly move to other plants. The main insecticides are Actellik, Floromite, Iskra.
Winders
The leafworm is a small, pale yellow caterpillar that transforms into a miniature butterfly as an adult. It feeds on leaves and buds of plants. Leaf curl is the main symptom of infestation. To avoid infection, it is important to disinfect the bushes and disinfect the bushes for the winter. In case of severe infection, biological products are used: "Lepidocid", "Cesar", "Coragen".
Click on the beetles
Wireworm is a dangerous pest, wireworm larva. It is found everywhere, capable of attacking all types of roses. It affects the root system of plants, lives in the soil. It will not be possible to get rid of the beetle immediately, it is necessary to carry out long-term systemic disinfection of the soil. From the insecticides used "Aktara", "Taboo".
Olenko and Bronzovka
These beetles infect the buds of plants, which become distorted, shrink and fall off. Preventive treatment of bushes should be carried out during the period of bud burst, and during the flowering period use "Confidor" or "Aktara". From non-chemical agents, liquid smoke is used.
Powdery mildew
A fungal disease that can completely destroy the rose bush. The affected bush greatly weakens, the stems are deformed. Such a plant does not tolerate frost and spring temperature drops. The main symptom of the disease is the formation of a rough white-gray plaque on the leaves and stems of roses, then the plaque turns brown, the leaf patches turn yellow. The disease spreads rapidly in conditions of high humidity and prolonged heat, and can spread to other plants.
As a preventive measure, varieties of roses with stable immunity to powdery mildew are chosen, weeds are removed in time, do not allow excessive moisture in the soil, disinfect the soil with a solution of iodine or potassium permanganate potassium.
Rust
Fungal disease causing plant stems to crack. Over time, a kind of orange-yellow powder forms on the leaves, which passes into the buds, the rose loses its growth rate, part of the buds fall off. A rainy summer, humidity, lack of systemic care are the prerequisites for the onset of the disease.Among the folk remedies are spraying infusions of nettle or wormwood on the affected bushes. From chemicals used "Falcon" or liquid Bordeaux.
Chlorosis
Iron deficiency causes a dangerous disease of roses - chlorosis. If the soil lacks the required amount of organic matter, aeration is impaired, the concentration of phosphorus and manganese is high, there is a risk of a decrease in iron intake by plants. The first sign of chlorosis is that the leaf plates turn yellow, while the veins remain green. Iron deficiency is partially compensated by foliar feeding. To completely eliminate the problem, the roses are transplanted or the soil is saturated with organic fertilizers.
Tips & Tricks
In order for roses to delight gardeners with lush flowering and an exquisite aroma in the garden, it is necessary to carry out comprehensive plant care.
Tips and tricks:
- They choose varieties that are resistant to a wide range of fungal diseases.
- The roses are planted in well-lit places on the south side of the site, on the hills.
- Preventive treatment of plants against harmful insects is carried out.
- They follow shrub pruning technology.
- When planting plants, do not cover the grafting site with soil.
- Cover the plants for the winter with additional material.
- The trunk space is strawed.
- They do not spare organic fertilizers, but they do not use fresh manure and concentrated mullein.
- Bushes are rejuvenated and transplanted in a timely manner.
Subject to agricultural technology and respect for rose plantations, the cultivation of fragrant beauties will become a favorite activity that does not bring hassle and high labor costs.