Rules for planting and caring for clematis in the open field for beginners
Planting and caring for clematis in the open field for beginners has certain features. Thanks to strict adherence to the recommendations of experienced florists, it is possible to achieve good results in the cultivation of this culture. In addition, after planting, it is imperative to provide the culture with suitable conditions for growth - watering, fertilizing, pruning. Protection against diseases and pests is also important.
Description and characteristics
Clematis is a bushy plant from the buttercup family. There are more than 300 varieties of crops that are very popular with gardeners. The plant blooms at different times - it all depends on the variety. The flowers can be small or large. They differ in shape and color. Flowering lasts for several months, which makes it possible to create a colorful hedge in the garden.
Types by trimming methods
Most often, clematis are classified according to pruning methods. Each category has certain characteristics.
First group
This group includes plants that do not need pruning. They bloom on old shoots. This happens exclusively in the spring.
The second
Such clematis require light pruning. They bloom twice. In May or June, this occurs on the shoots of the previous year, and in July and August, flowers appear on the branches of the current year.
The third
This category needs the most drastic pruning. It includes most plant species. Flowering is observed on the powerful shoots of this year. If the bush is not cut in time, the flowers become small and dull.
how to plant
To achieve excellent results in growing a crop, it is worth planting the plant correctly.
When to plant
Clematis can be planted in spring or autumn. If the sprout is sold in a container, then it is allowed to do so even in the summer. If the bush was purchased in late autumn, then it should be placed in a cool room until spring. The temperature should not exceed +5 degrees. In this case, it is recommended to sprinkle the roots with a composition of sawdust and sand. To prevent sprouting of a seedling, it is worth periodically pinching it.
Preparation of planting material and soil
Before planting a crop in the ground, it is worth examining the root system and getting rid of dry and affected fragments. If necessary, the plant is soaked in water or special preparations. Soil preparation is not negligible. With a strong presence of groundwater, a drainage layer is formed. Its thickness should be at least 12 centimeters.Thanks to the presence of this layer, it will be possible to protect the roots of the culture from rotting.
It is also recommended to add peat, humus and turf soil to the planting pit. It is necessary to add a glass of ashes to it. The resulting soil should be thoroughly mixed and lightly tamped. Then it is recommended to start planting the plant.
Landing scheme
Depending on the size of the roots and the type of soil, the imprints may be different. When growing crops in light soil, make a hole of 50x50x50 centimeters. For denser soils, the dimensions of the pit are 70x70x70 centimeters.
It is recommended to plant clematis in calm calm weather. It is worth pouring the prepared mixture into the groove, trying to form a cone. Place a seedling at the top of the hill and spread out the roots. Sprinkle soil around the edges.
The collar is somewhat buried. For seedlings less than a year old, this is done by 5-10 centimeters. When planting more mature plants, the root collar is deepened by 10-12 centimeters. When planting clematis, it is worth putting a small support. Then watering and mulching are carried out.
Rules of care
In order for clematis to develop normally, it must be systematically watered, weeded and fed.
watering
The plant needs systematic watering. However, it is important to remember the sense of proportion. In the spring, it is enough to water the clematis once a week. In summer, the number of waterings is increased up to 2 times. At a time, half a bucket of water is poured under the bush.
It is best to moisturize the soil in the evening. This will help prevent the flowers from fading in the sun.If you neglect regular watering, the flowering period of the culture will decrease. In this case, the inflorescences will lose their decorative effect.
top dresser
Fertilizers are used during the active development of clematis. At the time of flowering, the feeding of the culture is stopped. During the first year of a plant's life, it is not recommended to add nutrients. It receives all the necessary elements from the prepared soil.
Standard strawberry fertilizer is a good option for vines. After the clematis wakes up after winter, it should be shed with a solution of vitriol chalk. This will prevent disease and pest attacks.
In the second year of life, a nitrogen-containing fertilizer is applied in the spring. When forming buds, potassium preparations are used. After the end of the flowering period, clematis requires the use of phosphorus.
Protection against diseases and pests
To protect the plant from dangerous diseases and pests, it is recommended to properly care for it. Most often, clematis is faced with such diseases:
- Dieback. It is caused by a fungus. In this case, the shoots lose their elasticity, dry up and wither. Without proper therapy, the plant may die. The main causes of problems are stagnant moisture and insufficient soil drainage. To cope with the problem, it is recommended to remove the affected shoots and water the plant with Fundazol.
- Gray rot. At the same time, brown spots appear on the leaves and branches, covered with gray fluff. Usually the problem occurs in rainy weather. To cope with it, use a solution of Azocene or Fundazole.
- Oidium. It is caused by a fungus.In this case, the plant is covered with a white bloom, a slowdown in its growth and flowering is observed. A solution of copper soap helps to cope with the problem.
- Rust. Brown spots appear on the leaves. The disease causes deformation of the bush. A solution of potassium permanganate will help cope with the problem.
Often, clematis is attacked by various pests:
- Aphid. The insects infect the lower part of the leaves, feeding on their sap and causing drying and curling. Fitoverm will help to cope with the problem. For 1 liter of water take 2 milligrams of funds.
- Spider. Insects cause white spots to appear on the soiled side of leaves. Acaricides will help to cope with the problem. For 1 liter of water, it is worth taking 1 milligram of the drug.
- Slugs. The pests eat the leaves and stems of the plant. In this case, clematis should be treated with an ammonia solution. To do this, take 2 tablespoons per 1 liter of water.
How to strengthen
To improve the development of the plant and avoid problems in its development, it is worth following these recommendations:
- fertilize in a timely manner;
- correct crop size;
- collect the buds that form in the first year - this contributes to the strengthening and growth of roots and the activation of the development of side shoots;
- pinch off the top of the main shoot in the first year after transplanting.
How to prune correctly
The rules for pruning a plant directly depend on the group to which the clematis belongs.
1 cutting group
The plant can grow without forming.You can also cut off the active parts of the shoots after flowering has finished. In overgrown plants, it is allowed to completely remove faded shoots. High hilling is carried out in winter.
2 trimming groups
These varieties are characterized by 2 stages of flowering. The first is observed at the end of May or June. This produces large flowers. The second is considered more abundant, but rather small. It lasts until fall. The formation of a bush is carried out in 2 stages. After the first flowering, it is recommended to cut off the entire generative part of the shoots of the previous year. In thickened plants, they are completely cut out. Young stems of the current year must be cut before shelter for the winter. The intensity of pruning depends on the branching of the plant and the timing of flowering in the following season.
3 trimming groups
These plants begin to bloom in July and end with the onset of cold weather. Their formation is considered the simplest. Before the onset of winter, it is recommended to cut all the stems under the base. They can also be shortened at the base of the true leaves.
In the second case, the remaining branches will worsen the decorative properties of the next year's bush, but will stimulate earlier flowering.
Shelter for the winter
Clematis are considered heat-loving plants, so they need shelter for the winter. At the end of autumn, the bushes must be pruned. This is done taking into account the group of the variety. After that, it is recommended to cover the plants with boxes or boards. It is also allowed to sprinkle them with earth, cover them with spruce branches, sawdust, peat.
The layer of insulating material should be 20-30 centimeters. When snow falls, it is recommended to draw it from above.
After flowering
In autumn, after flowering has finished, clematis should be cut. This is done according to the category to which the variety belongs. Some varieties do not require pruning, while others need to be rooted.
the reproduction
Clematis multiply in different ways. This allows each grower to choose the best option.
Cuttings
With this method, it is recommended to pass the growth of the plant through a container without a bottom. It should be gradually filled with soil. Reproduction of clematis by this method allows you to get a full-fledged plant without significant expense.
Divide the bush
This method can be used for adult plants under 7 years old. It is recommended to dig up the bush, cut it into fragments with part of the roots and buds. Long shoots should be shortened to aid plant survival. After which it is recommended to plant them in the ground.
Layers
At the same time, they pick up green shoots with internodes and tie them to the ground.
It is recommended to sprinkle it on the branches with soil. After the roots appear, the plants must be separated and planted.
The main growing problems
For any changes in climatic conditions, it is recommended to carry out preventive examinations, which are aimed at identifying and preventing various pathologies. A common mistake made by novice gardeners is to water the plant incorrectly. As a result, the death of its root system is observed. In this case, the stems infect diseases and pests.
Landing characteristics
The type of root system of the plant will help you choose the right time for planting. But most often, clematis is planted in the spring.
Summer
It is possible to divide the bushes or plant plants with closed roots in the summer. This is done in July or August.
In spring
When spring planting, it is important to choose the right timing. This plant is characterized by an early start to the growing season. Therefore, with an untimely crop planting, there is a risk of disruption of the vital rhythm. It is best to perform the procedure in April or early May, before the kidneys begin to actively develop.
In winter
Clematis is considered a heat-loving plant, so it is forbidden to plant it in the open ground in the cold season. The culture will not take root and will simply perish.
In autumn
In autumn, it is allowed to plant clematis with closed roots. It is best to carry out the procedure in September or early October. The plant must take root before the onset of frosts.
Use in landscaping
Clematis are actively used in landscape design. It is better to use varieties that do not need radical pruning and shelter for the winter. It is possible to grow clematis in the form of single plantings, but its combination with other crops will help to increase the decorative effect of the plant.
Blooming clematis goes well with climbing roses, conifers, forsythia. It can be planted with chubushnik and barberry. Clematis is very attractive when planted on the lawn. It is important to install proper support for this. Clematis is a beautiful ornamental plant that serves as a real decoration of any suburban area.To get a strong and viable crop, it is very important to plant it well and provide aftercare.