What are the types and types of paints, classification and description of the main 10

The use of paints in the renovation and decoration of premises is becoming more and more common. There are many types of paints in the construction market, which are difficult for an ignorant person to understand. Coloring compositions are divided into categories based on the composition of their components, purpose, degree of brilliance and a list of surfaces suitable for coloring.

Brief history

Mankind has been using dyes since the days of the caves. Early people created cave paintings from natural pigments mixed with animal fat, many have survived to the present day. In the Middle Ages, oil paintings appeared. They are believed to have been invented by the Dutch painter Jan Van Eyck. For their production, vegetable oils, egg yolks and natural pigments were then used.

In the past, the cost of paints varied greatly: some were cheap, others were worth a fortune. It all depended on the materials used to create the dye. For example, expensive natural ultramarine was brought to European artists from Iran.

The creation of artificial analogues of natural pigments began in the 17th century. Paints became significantly cheaper, but another problem arose - many types included toxic components. For example, emerald paint was made from arsenic and copper oxide.

In the 20th century, oil paint was one of the most demanded finishing materials. It was not very resistant to external factors, the coating often had to be refurbished. Soon high-quality and safe dyes appeared on the construction markets, displacing oil paint from the leading position.

Classification of modern paintings

A person who came to a hardware store has his eyes sticking out from various types of paint.

For ease of selection, colorants are classified into the following categories:

• appointment;
• mandatory basis;
• a diluent component;
• suitable materials for painting;
• the degree of gloss of the painted surface.

By type of binder

Construction paints are divided into the following types depending on the bonding component:

• alkyd;
• oil;
• silicate;
• water emulsion;
• acrylic;
• silicone;
• polyurethane;
• epoxy.

Depending on the thinner

There are 3 types of paints depending on the thinner component:

• oil and alkyd - white spirit solvent and the like;
• water-based - diluted with water;
• nitro enamels - acetone is used as a solvent.

By litter

Paints are used for:

• construction and repair work;
• industrial uses, surface protection;
• decoration, decoration of premises.

Degree of gloss

The gloss of the painted surface depends on the composition of the dye components. She may be :

• bright;
• semi-gloss;
• semi-matte;
• mast.

Look at Also

Colors and composition of blackboard paints for drawing with chalk, top 6 of the best brands

Base for painting

Some types of paints are universal, they can be used to paint any surface. Other types of stain are intended for painting certain materials: wood, plastic, metal, concrete. In order not to be mistaken with the choice, read the information about the container.

Main types of binder

All types of paints are made up of components intended for a specific use: a liquid base which forms a coating film after drying, a pigment and complementary substances which improve the quality of the product (antiseptics, UV protectors, anti-corrosion additives) . Almost all the physicochemical properties of the dye depend on the film-forming liquid, so this classification is the most important.

Oil

The base is a natural or synthetic drying oil. Ready-to-use and concentrated compositions are sold, requiring dilution with drying oil before use.

Natural drying oil is made from sunflower (cheaper and lower quality) oils, hemp, and flaxseed.

Lime and silicate

These dyes are called mineral dyes. Natural silicates and lime are used for their production. Ideal for painting concrete, wood, brick and other porous materials. Not suitable for painting glass and metal.

To obtain a lime paint, a pigment resistant to alkaline action is added to diluted lime. It is ideal for outdoor use, but should not be painted over in hot weather. And silicate paint is actually a liquid form of glass, diluted with water.

alkyd

Paints based on alkyd resin are used for painting wood, metal, plaster.

It is an excellent option for exterior work and painting interior elements exposed to high mechanical stress (floors, stairs).

water-based

Water-based emulsions are gaining more and more popularity, they are used for standard and textured paint inside and outside the building. The bonding base is water which evaporates after application, leaving an even layer of pigment. The pigment particles are in the state of dispersion in a liquid.

Almost any type of material can be painted with water emulsion: concrete, wood, drywall, masonry, metal, plaster.

Acrylic

Low density acrylic, does not interfere with the "breathing" of the material, is easy to apply, applied to a dry surface.

Look at Also

The composition and scope of zinc primers, their advantages and disadvantages

Silicone

Silicone resin paints adhere well to all materials. Can be put on a wet plaster, an old layer of mineral, silicate, acrylic dye.

Polyurethane and epoxy

These types of paints, characterized by high strength and wear resistance, are mainly used for industrial purposes. Polyurethane dye which can withstand -40 to +150°C creates a very durable coating with protective properties on the surface.

Polyurethane paint is mainly used for exterior decoration, epoxy paint for enameling bathtubs and swimming pool coatings.

Varieties of special paints

Certain spaces and materials require paints with particular characteristics. Such products protect the surface from negative external factors, imitate different types of natural and artificial coatings, create a special surface structure or combinations of shades.

Anti corrosion

They are used to paint metal surfaces, prevent the formation of rust, extend the life of metal.

Bactericidal

Paints containing antiseptic components (antibiotics and fungicides) are intended for painting wood prone to mold, bacterial infections.

Decorative

There are many types of decorative paints. There are types of dyes that imitate other materials: wood, natural stone, silk fabric, leather, metal, mother-of-pearl.

Look at Also

Technical characteristics and composition of the VL-02 primer, rules of application

There are luminous fluorescent dyes containing a phosphorus pigment which accumulates ultraviolet light during the day and gives it off as a glow at night, as well as phosphorescent dyes based on phosphorus which are dangerous to health and therefore only used for outdoor work.

Structural types of dyes are used to create an original surface. With their help, you can create a very durable, rough coating, reminiscent of tree bark or water ripples, even in the form of a marble pattern. three dimensions.

Structural stain can be used as an independent decor or can be covered with acrylic or latex paint.

Common ink marking

Paint cans have a two-letter, multi-digit marking code. The letters listed in the table below are an indication of the type of film forming component.

The number following the letter code is an indication of the dye's purpose. Factory code numbers follow.

Special markings for oil paintings. The letter code is MA, then there is a number indicating the purpose, followed by a second number, indicating the type of fixing drying oil.

When choosing paint for finishing work, be guided by its purpose and performance. If the stain overlaps a previous coat, make sure the new and old coats do not react undesirably.