Types and composition of antiseptic primers, how to apply them and the rating of the best brands
Wood under the influence of temperature extremes and in conditions of high humidity over time is exposed to mold. Surface treatment with an antiseptic primer helps to avoid such consequences. Some materials of this type are able to eliminate mold that has already appeared. At the same time, primers increase paint adhesion, thereby extending the life of the finish.
Antiseptic primer: purpose and properties
Such a primer is an antiseptic, produced in liquid form and, depending on the composition, used for processing wood, concrete, drywall and other materials. This mixture is mainly used to prevent the formation of fungus and mold. But some types of floors are also used to prevent the corrosion process on the metal surface.
Antiseptic mixtures not only protect against fungus. A number of products contain additives that improve frost protection and increase the material's resistance to other factors.
Antiseptic primers:
- are used to protect materials from the effects of external factors of various types (depending on the characteristics of the composition);
- strengthens the surface, preventing cracking of the material;
- increase the moisture protection of the treated material;
- improve the adhesion of the finishing material to the surface.
Depending on the characteristics of the composition, the antiseptic floor can be used both for internal and external work, provided that the temperature regime is observed.
What's included
The basis of antiseptic floors consists of the following components:
- resins (urea-formaldehyde, alkyd or epoxy);
- drying oil;
- pigments (zinc crown and red lead);
- fillers (chalk, mica, talc);
- binding components.
Some types of floors contain silica sand, which improves the adhesion of decorative plaster to the surface. Such protective compounds have a limited scope.
Depending on the nature of the impact on the base, which is determined by the components underlying the primer, the mixtures are divided into the following types:
- deep penetration (penetrates the surface up to 5 centimeters);
- adhesive;
- penetrating (creates a protective film that strengthens the material to a depth of 5 millimeters);
- special (contain additives that give the mixture additional properties).
At home, they basically use a universal floor, which, depending on the composition, is divided into five types.
Acrylic
Acrylic primers are based on the resin of the same name. Such mixtures are distinguished by a white tint and are used for finishing wood for painting.The advantages of acrylic primers are:
- versatility (in addition to wood, concrete, drywall and other materials are treated with acrylic);
- dry quickly;
- high absorption rate;
- lack of smell;
- penetrate to a depth of 10 millimeters.
Acrylic primers can be used outdoors. But it is optimal if the material is applied indoors with rare and insignificant temperature changes, as well as with a low level of humidity.
It is recommended to apply acrylic primers to the surface, which is then covered with wallpaper. This base, increasing adhesion, reduces the consumption of glue, which in the future simplifies the dismantling of the finishing material.
Quartz
Quartz primers are also based on acrylic resin mixed with fine sand particles. This mixture has the following characteristics:
- makes the base stronger;
- increases the adhesion of the finish applied to the surface;
- increases the peel strength of the finish.
Quartz primers are applied as a base for embossed finishing materials:
- fiber facade;
- decorative plaster;
- unikvarts and others.
This primer is used for the treatment of concrete, plaster, brick and plasterboard. The composition is mainly applied to the ceiling and walls.
Mineral
Such a primer is used to protect and improve the resistance characteristics of mineral-based materials: porous, limestone or plaster. This mixture is distinguished by the following characteristics:
- evens out the surface to be treated;
- creates a vapor permeable layer;
- strengthens the structure of the treated material;
- creates protection against external factors;
- increases resistance to UV rays and natural degradation.
alkyd
An alkyd primer is a clear or tinted compound containing an organic solvent. This mixture is suitable for processing metal and wooden surfaces. But due to the presence of a solvent in the composition of the primer, it has a pungent and harmful odor, therefore it is recommended to use the material outdoors or in a room with forced ventilation.
This composition prevents damage to surfaces caused by fungi, putrefactive bacteria, molds and xylophages. The alkyd mixture is combined with:
- acrylic putty;
- paints based on nitro compounds;
- AVP;
- alkyd-based paints and varnishes.
Alkyd primers should not be used to treat friable surfaces: plaster and others.
Deep mold penetration
Deep penetration primers are also responsible for surface hardening. However, this mixture does not apply evenly. If stains were present on the surface before the start of treatment, these will appear after staining.
These primers are used for finishing materials with high porosity. Such mixtures have the following characteristics:
- consumption - up to 300 grams per square meter;
- drying time - from 1 to 3 hours;
- application temperature - 5-30 degrees;
- the maximum exposure temperature is up to 60 degrees.
By composition, deep penetration primers are divided into:
- alkyd;
- acrylic;
- polystyrene;
- silicone;
- silicate;
- shellac;
- latex;
- dispersed in water.
The type of base determines the application of the deep penetration primer.
Principle of operation
An antiseptic primer has 2 functions. The mixture provides antifungal protection by penetrating into the structure of the treated material. At the same time, the mixture, after drying, forms a film on the surface, which increases the adhesion properties of the composition applied on top.That is, the primer promotes better penetration of paint and other materials, increasing the life of the latter.
The principle of operation of this mixture directly depends on the characteristics of the components that make up the composition. Basically, universal primers are used to prepare the surface for finishing.
Advantages and disadvantages of the material
It is recommended to apply mixtures of primers to the surfaces when finishing with any material. This is because similar compositions:
- by increasing adhesion, they reduce the consumption of paint and other materials;
- create a water-repellent layer;
- increase the strength characteristics of the base and finish;
- protect the surface from rotting, corrosion (part of the primer) and dirt;
- neutralize unpleasant odors during painting;
- avoid the appearance of cracks after the paint has dried.
Most high-quality primers are relatively expensive (more than 1000 rubles per 10 liters). In addition, such mixtures have a pungent odor, are harmful to the body (it is necessary to work under a respirator) and do not fight against the appearance of fungus, but prevent such a lesion.
Varieties of primers with antiseptic effect
As stated earlier, it is important to consider the area of application when choosing a primer. In particular, the characteristics of the mixture must be adapted to the characteristics of the material to be treated.
For wood
Due to the fact that wood is exposed to mold, fungus, insects and rot, this material needs complete protection, provided by the following types of soil:
- Oil. These primers must be mixed with drying oil before application.Some types of these formulations are based on linseed oil, which must be diluted with water before processing.
- Organic. Mixtures of this type penetrate deep into the structure of the material and disinfect the surface. Organic floors are universal, but they contain toxic substances, which is why the compositions can only be used for exterior finishing.
- Dispersive. These primers are based on polymers (latex, acrylic and others). Dispersion materials are non-toxic and do not emit an unpleasant odor.
- Combined. These blends are formulated with oils and solvents to provide a high level of protection against fungus. In addition, combined floors increase the resistance of the material to open fire.
This last type of floor is more expensive than the others.
For concrete
The concrete surface is treated with water-based soils. In addition to these mixtures, a bituminous primer is used to protect this material from fungus, which is applied under the waterproofing.
For drywall
Drywall can be treated with various types of universal antiseptic primers. Also, if putty is applied to the material, it is recommended to use acrylic mixtures.
For wet rooms
For damp rooms, it is recommended to purchase a floor with deep penetration, since in such conditions there is a high risk of mold. In this case, the mixture should also create a water-repellent layer.
The best option for such premises is soil scattered in water. The material penetrates into small cracks, preventing the development of rot. This type of primer is versatile and suitable for a variety of materials.
For dry rooms
Less stringent requirements are imposed on the soil used for processing dry rooms.But in this case, it is also recommended to opt for mixtures dispersed in water that do not contain toxic substances.
For outdoor work
For processing facades, it is recommended to take primers with a high degree of protection against atmospheric precipitation and temperature extremes. For this case, materials on any basis with an antifungal effect are suitable, capable of creating a durable water-repellent layer.
Ranking of the best brands
To prepare surfaces for painting and other finishes, craftsmen recommend the following floor qualities:
- Ceresit. Under this brand, various formulations are produced that do not emit an odor. Ceresit materials are not harmful to health and are used for the treatment of internal and external surfaces. Floors of this brand improve the strength characteristics of concrete and brick.
- "North" antiseptic primer. This material is versatile and is used to prepare surfaces for painting. The solution is non-toxic and does not crack after solidification.
- "Biofa" antiseptic floor. This deeply penetrating compound provides protection against open flames. The material is very resistant to moisture and does not wash off when it rains or when the snow melts. After application, the solution evens out the surface, thereby reducing paint consumption.
- "Anti-mold". It is considered an effective mold remedy. "Anti-mold" is produced in the form of a highly concentrated solution, which destroys fungal spores and is suitable for internal and external work. The material does not emit an unpleasant odor and is non-toxic.
- Belinka base. This deep penetrating primer not only prevents fungus but also repels insects.The material increases the adhesion of paint, creates a water-repellent layer, smooths the surface and does not freeze in frost. Belika Base is used for wood finishing.
The above brands are considered optimal in terms of price and quality.
Processing rules
An antiseptic primer is applied according to the same rules that are used for painting surfaces.
Material consumption
Soil consumption is determined by the manufacturer, since this parameter depends on the area and conditions of use, type of surface and other factors. On average, 150-250 milliliters of material are consumed per square meter.
Tools required
To apply the primer, you will need a roller or brushes, as well as a container to stir the solution.
Surface preparation
Before starting work, it is recommended to clean the surface from mold and mildew. To remove the latter from wood, "Whiteness" is used, concrete and brick - a blowtorch. After that, the surface must be rinsed from dirt and dried.
Layer application
Antiseptic primer should be applied by brush or roller, spreading it evenly over the surface. The number of layers in each case is determined individually: in dry rooms - up to two, in wet rooms - up to three.
Drying time and subsequent work
The drying time of the primer is determined by the manufacturer. This process takes from an hour to a day. After the primer is completely dry, you can proceed to finishing.
Handling Precautions
When working with any type of soil, it is recommended to wear a respirator and gloves, and to keep the material away from open sources of fire.Some of these formulations contain solvents which ignite on contact.
Introduction mistakes and expert advice
Errors when priming materials are mainly due to poor-quality preparation of the base. In particular, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the surface of the mushrooms and remove stains. These appear after the application of the primer and paint.
To increase antifungal protection, it is recommended to add fungicides to the composition used for finishing. You should also purchase a primer that matches the type of paint or other material you have chosen.