What soil is better to take for spathiphyllum, planting and care at home
Spathiphyllum is considered a popular houseplant that is grown by many growers. To have a strong and viable culture, it is necessary to provide it with quality care. The correct choice of soil for spathiphyllum is of great importance. Also, the plant should provide timely watering and fertilizing. In this case, it is imperative to protect the culture from diseases and pests.
Description and characteristics
Spathiphyllum is a perennial houseplant that is considered stemless. It has leaves that grow from the very root.They can be oval or lanceolate. Flowering begins in spring. Flowers can be different - white, red.
Culture is very popular with flower growers, as it is distinguished by undemanding care. The undoubted advantage of the plant is the decorativeness of leaf plates. In order for a flower to develop well, it must be well cared for.
Soil selection
Before planting a crop, it is worth choosing the right soil for it. To do this, you can buy a ready-made composition or make it yourself.
Requirements
Spathiphyllum loves nutritious soils, which will ensure its full development.
Slightly acid
Slightly acidic soil is suitable for a flower. Cultivation is bad for alkaline soil types.
Nutrient
It is important that the soil contains a sufficient amount of nutrients. This will allow the plant to develop normally.
Light
It is important that the floor is as light as possible. Thanks to this, the plant will develop well.
Cowardly
The crop needs loose soil, which allows air to access the root system of the plant.
Home or store
The finished land is sold to the garden centre. It is important that it is specifically intended for spathiphyllum. It is also allowed to use a primer for Aroids. If it was not possible to find it, it is worth using a substrate for flowering plants. Ready mixes have an almost ideal composition. However, he is considered not cowardly enough. To eliminate this deficiency, special substances are introduced into the soil - crumbs, sand, vermiculite.
How to properly prepare the right substrate
To plant a sprout or transplant an adult plant, you need nutritious soil. There are several options for its preparation.
The first way
For the manufacture of soil should be mixed in equal parts peat, humus, charcoal, sand and deciduous earth.
Second
It will also be possible to get a nutritional composition by mixing hardwood and turf, peat and sand in a 1: 1: 2 ratio.
Third
It is recommended to prepare the soil by mixing humus, peat, sand, crushed bark and leaf humus.
What nuances should be taken into account
It is sufficient to add only loosening components to the finished substrate. The floor, which is made with your own hands, turns out to be light. However, there are some characteristics that should be considered. For the normal development of spathiphyllum, all necessary additives should be added to the soil. High-quality drainage is not insignificant.
To improve breathability, add tree bark or coconut fiber to the mix.
What should be the correct drainage
It is worth making holes in the pot for the plant. In this case, the drainage should be bought in a store or made by yourself. The store sells oval or round expanded clay, packaged in sachets. For self-preparation of the drainage layer use bricks, pebbles, stones. They must be rinsed and doused with boiling water.
Ready mixes
There are many ready made Aroid mixes available today. They are sold in specialist garden stores.
vermione
This soil is intended for spathiphyllum. It contains many organic substances and nitrogen. It also contains potassium and phosphorus.
Biomaster
The composition is intended for aroid plants. The composition contains only natural ingredients. The soil is characterized by an optimal ratio of nutrients.
Agrover
The product is intended for spathiphyllum. It does not need additional sterilization. The substrate is completely ready to use.
Improvement of purchased land
Ready mixes are considered quite heavy. To make them lighter, it is worth adding perlite, vermiculite, coarse sand or crushed brick to the composition. This increases the breathability of the floor.
Consequences of a wrong choice
With the wrong choice of soil, the plant begins to turn yellow, the leaves dry up, and the roots suffer. There is also a risk of late flowering. When the flowers appear, they are small in size and dull in color.
Varieties
There are many varieties of spathiphyllum that have certain characteristics.
Wallis
It is a small plant that does not exceed 30-40 centimeters. It is characterized by corn-shaped inflorescences 3-4 centimeters long. They are surrounded by a white petal resembling a sail.
Dominoes
The plant is characterized by a rare color of the leaves - dark green with a white spot. The plant is easy to care for and unpretentious. The flower is compact and grows up to 35 centimeters.
Chopin
It is a popular herb that has an attractive appearance. It is often chosen by flower growers for its unpretentious care. The bushes are compact - about 40 centimeters.
Sensation
It is a gigantic plant that reaches a height of 1 meter. The leaves have a ribbed structure and reach 90 centimeters.
Strauss
It is an interesting low plant that does not exceed 30 centimeters in height. It is characterized by elongated leathery leaves.
Abundant flowering
It is a popular plant that has a long flowering period. It has medium inflorescences and oval leaves. Culture is characterized by long peduncles.
cannoli
The flower has ovoid leaves of a rich green tint. The plant has white flowers with a yellow center.
Spoon shaped
Under natural conditions, the plant is found in Brazil. It reaches 1 meter and has glossy elongated leaves of a rich green tint.
Charming
Under natural conditions, the flower grows in America. It is characterized by dark green oval leaves. The flower has a white-green hue.
Heliconiophile
In its natural environment, the flower grows in Brazil and reaches a height of 1 meter. It is characterized by glossy dark green leaves.
Alana
The plant is characterized by elongated cuttings. Thanks to this, the sheets do not tilt downwards. They maintain a vertical position all the time, which significantly increases the decorative effect of the flower.
Chopin
The culture reaches 35 centimeters in height. It is characterized by rich green leaves that have a shiny surface.
Four
It is a hybrid culture derived from the spathiphyllum of Wallis. In height, it reaches 30 centimeters.
How to take care
In order for a plant to develop normally, it must receive comprehensive and high-quality care.
Location and lighting
Spathiphyllum needs diffused lighting. The flower should be placed on the balcony, but it should not be exposed to direct sunlight. It is important that the plant is not in a draft.
Temperature
If the plant is on the balcony in the summer, then it should be brought into the room long before the onset of cold nights. In winter, the temperature should not be lower than +16 degrees. At + 10-11 degrees spathiphyllum can die.
watering
In spring and summer, the culture should be watered abundantly. For this, it is recommended to use soft, settled water.With the onset of cold weather, the amount of watering is reduced. If the flower hibernates in the room, it should be watered and sprayed sparingly. It is important to avoid stagnant liquid.
Spathiphyllum needs periodic spraying. During the flowering period, the procedure must be carried out very carefully. It is important that water does not get on the flowers.
Humidity
The plant needs fairly high humidity. The pot with the plant should be placed on wet expanded clay. Also, spathiphyllum should be periodically sprinkled with water.
Features of choosing a pot
The plant needs a pot 2-3 centimeters larger than the size of the roots. It is not recommended to use too large a container. The roots should be a bit cramped. Make sure you choose the right material. Plastic retains moisture, so it is best not to use it. The best option is a ceramic container. There should be drainage holes at the bottom.
how to plant
Planting a plant is quite easy. In this case, it is not recommended to deepen the flower neck. Otherwise, the plant will not bloom. The earth should be compacted and watered a little. During the adaptation period, there is a risk of the edges of the leaves drying out. This is considered normal.
Top dressing and fertilization
It is recommended to fertilize the spathiphyllum with mineral and organic substances. They are brought in one by one. Top dressing is used at intervals of 7-10 days in the summer. In winter, fertilizers should be applied once a month.
How to transplant correctly
The plant should be repotted periodically. This will contribute to a better development of the culture.
Why do you need
It is recommended to replant the crop when the roots become very crowded in the container. It is best to do this in the spring.
How many times
Young flowers should be replanted annually. It is recommended that plants over 5 years old be moved to a new location when the roots are visible from the drainage hole.
Tools
The new container should be slightly larger than the old one. At the same time, a good drainage layer should be made at its bottom.
Preparation for the transplant
The procedure must be carried out very carefully to avoid damaging the roots. For transplanting it is worth using a mixture of turf and deciduous soil. It is also worth adding humus, peat and river sand to it.
How to transplant
First of all, it is worth pouring a drainage layer at the bottom of the container, after which it is worth placing a plant there. Gently add soil to the sides and add a little soil on top. Then the plant should be watered.
Post-transplant care
In order for the culture to quickly adapt to new conditions, it must be sprayed frequently. Heat and moderate watering are important. It is best to cover the flower with foil and air it twice a day.
Breeding methods
There are many ways to propagate a plant, each of which has certain characteristics.
Divide the bush
This is the easiest and most popular method of raising spathiphyllum. As the culture develops, a large number of young rosettes appear. At this time, the plant must be replanted. In this case, it is permissible to divide the uterine culture into separate fragments. The procedure must be carried out very carefully so as not to damage the roots.
If there are no roots on the resulting processes, they are placed in water.As a result, roots should appear. Only after this is the culture transferred to the ground.
Seeds
This breeding method is considered the longest. At home, it is difficult to artificially pollinate the plant and get seeds. In addition, the planting material has a low germination rate. If you still managed to get the spathiphyllum seeds, then they should be placed in a greenhouse with a mixture of peat and sand. It is important that the substrate is always moist. When shoots appear, the greenhouse should be periodically opened and ventilated.
apical cuttings
To carry out the rooting of plant cuttings, you need moist sand. Shoots need a sufficiently high temperature - at least +22 degrees.
After the roots appear, the plants are moved to separate pots.
Children
So-called babies often appear at the base of the plant. They represent a rosette of leaves with roots. With the onset of spring, they must be carefully separated. It is important to maintain the integrity of the roots. It is recommended to root the shoots in perlite or wet sand.
Problems, diseases and pests
Cultivation of spathiphyllum is associated with various difficulties. To obtain good results, this characteristic must certainly be taken into account.
yellow leaves
Dried and yellowed leaves indicate a lack of fluid. A weekly bath can help prevent this. The procedure will not only eliminate yellowness, but also protect the plant from harmful insects.
Leaf tips dry up
Leaf tip dryness is associated with increased air dryness. They gradually turn brown and dry out completely. To cope with the problem, it is worth providing sufficient air humidity.
The leaves turn black
The blackening of the leaves indicates the death of the roots. Usually this problem is caused by a violation of the irrigation technique. The leaves darken with a lack or excess of liquid. Also, the problem is associated with a lack of nitrogen and phosphorus.
It should be borne in mind that it is forbidden to spray the culture in the cold room. To save a flower, you need to take it out of the pot, remove new roots and move it to a container with new soil.
Aphid
These small insects live under the leaves and absorb the sap of the plant. To cope with aphids, it is worth using ready-made preparations. They are sold in florists. A day after spraying, the plants should be thoroughly washed and covered with a film.
Shield
These insects cause dark spots on the leaves and stems of the plant. A soap-tobacco solution will help cope with the problem. It is recommended to add a small amount of kerosene to it.
cochineal
This pest often infects spathiphyllum leaves, especially with insufficient care. Insecticides help control insects. In prevention, it is recommended to systematically rinse the leaves.
Spider
This pest is small in size and affects the underside of the leaves. As a result, a thin cobweb appears on them. Spraying the leaves with a tobacco solution will help cope with the problem. You can also use a ready-to-use insecticide. A few hours after treatment, the leaves should be rinsed with lukewarm water.
Incorrectly selected floor signs
With the wrong choice of soil, the plant becomes sluggish, the leaves become covered with dark spots, there is no flowering.
does not bloom
Flowering problems can be caused by insufficient humidity or low temperatures.This is also due to the lack of mineral and organic fertilizers.
Spathiphyllum is a beautiful ornamental plant that is very popular with flower growers. To achieve good results in growing a crop, it must receive quality care.