Composition and characteristics of the adhesive primer, range and method of application
The service life of paints and varnishes directly depends on the adhesion of the coating to the surface. This parameter can be improved with adhesion primers. This mixture is available with a different composition, chosen taking into account the characteristics of the material on which the paint is subsequently applied. Some types of these primers contain special additives that increase the protective properties of the topcoat.
Composition and technical characteristics of the adhesive primer
Adhesive primers consist of the following components:
- Quartz sand;
- polymers (silicone, PVA and others);
- oils, bitumen, glue, resin and other substances responsible for film formation;
- components that accelerate the drying of the composition;
- additional components.
The thickness of the primer layer depends on the size of the fraction of quartz sand, which must be applied to the surface before painting. This parameter determines the material consumption.
Adhesive primers, regardless of the characteristics of the composition, differ in the following features:
- penetrate deep into the structure of the material;
- strengthen the base by gluing small particles;
- reduce surface porosity, thereby reducing paint consumption.
Depending on the type of additives, such primers acquire the following characteristics:
- fire resistance;
- moisture resistance;
- anti corrosion;
- antiseptic and others.
The advantages of primers include the ability to pass steam. Therefore, after drying, this material does not affect the natural exchange of moisture in the room.
Purpose and scope
Depending on the composition, the adhesive primer is used for:
- protection of metals against corrosion;
- increase in adhesion (intensity of adhesion) of paints and varnishes;
- prevent the ingress of moisture into the structure of the tree;
- protection against fungus and mold;
- increase the strength of the porous surface.
The scope of application of such a primer directly depends on the technical characteristics of the material. This composition can be used to prepare surfaces for painting. In addition, primers are used before:
- facing surfaces;
- tile laying;
- laying of self-leveling floors or laying of linoleum.
Adhesive primers are needed to increase the durability of the plaster. This material must be applied when the thickness of the rough finish exceeds 3 centimeters.
Variety of composition and selection recommendations
Primers, depending on their composition, are divided into the following types:
- Acrylic. Such compositions are based on acrylic resins, which are mixed with additional components that provide even distribution of the material on the surface and speed up the drying process. Acrylic primers are odorless.Thanks to this, the material can be used in any conditions. Depending on the composition, acrylic compounds are used for internal or external work.
- Alkyd.They are used for processing materials that do not absorb such mixtures well. Alkyd primer is based on organic solvents, thanks to which the material is used for interior and exterior decoration of buildings.
- Glyphthalic. These primers are used for finishing metal and wood. The material prevents corrosion and eliminates the possibility of mold or mildew forming. Some glyphthalic primers contain pigments that enhance the color of the overcoat.
- Perchlorovinyl. These mixtures are not inferior in characteristics to acrylics. But perchlorovinyl floors contain components that are harmful to health. Therefore, such compositions are used for exterior decoration.
In addition to the indicated division, the classification of the adhesive primer according to the field of application is applied. Based on this, the materials are divided into the following types:
- for porous surfaces;
- for smooth surfaces.
Soils of the first type contain coarse quartz sand, due to which the material increases the strength of the treated surface. The applied mixtures fill pores and microcracks. Some of these formulations contain components which may adhere to fine dust.
After drying, such a primer forms a solid film with a rough surface, which increases the adhesion of the applied paint. This feature allows you to reduce the consumption of finishing materials. In this case, it is recommended to apply such primers in 2 or more layers.
Finishing materials are water-based, due to which the composition can be used indoors. The drying of the protective compound takes several hours. A number of such primers contain coloring pigments, but these materials usually form a transparent film.
Formulations intended for smooth surfaces contain components that increase the adhesion of varnishes and paints. These materials are used to process:
- metals;
- glass;
- Plastic;
- paint.
In the latter case, the surface must be coated before applying the primer. This type of primer, after drying, also forms a rough film, which excludes the risk of paint slippage after the plaster has hardened.
The composition of these materials includes components that provide anti-corrosion and antiseptic properties.
For concrete
Primer "Betonokontakt" is used for finishing concrete. This composition contains components that improve the penetration of materials into surfaces that do not absorb moisture. These floors are distinguished by the following characteristics:
- service life reaches 80 years;
- dry quickly;
- suitable for processing not only concrete, but also smooth surfaces such as metal or glass;
- prevent the penetration of moisture;
- can be applied over a layer of old paint;
- prevent the formation of mold and mildew.
Primers for concrete are produced in the form of a one- or two-component composition. The former is mainly used by novice finishers due to the fact that the material is easy to apply.
For metal
Alkyd or glyphthalic mixtures are suitable for the metal. These compounds increase the adhesion of a smooth surface, thereby increasing the life of paints and varnishes.Such compositions are also used to treat previously painted metals.
In mixtures of this type, components are included that prevent the formation of corrosion and the appearance of fungus. Some formulations are also able to fight rust.
For glass surfaces
A siloxane adhesive primer is suitable for glass. This mixture has the following characteristics:
- nontoxic;
- water-based;
- does not emit specific odors.
After drying, the mixture forms a smooth, white film that adheres tightly to glass or shiny surfaces. The siloxane primer dries in 12 hours.
For wood
To prepare wood for painting, mixtures of polyurethane, shellac or polyvinyl acetate are used. Floors of the first type are mainly used in the processing of parquet, the second - for the production of overlapping resin. Polyvinyl acetate compounds are distinguished by the fact that they dry in half an hour.
When choosing a floor for wood processing, it should be borne in mind that such a mixture should have the following characteristics:
- contains antiseptic additives;
- prevents the appearance of stains on painted wood;
- contains hydrophobic elements (for wood used in rooms with high humidity).
If the wood is subsequently varnished, the primer should be transparent.
For tiles
For the processing of tiles, a quartz floor is used. The choice in favor of this mixture is due to the fact that this material does not require preliminary removal of dust and other contaminants from the seams. Thanks to this feature of the floor, the work on painting the tiles is carried out more quickly.
For plastic
Alkyd and acrylic compounds are suitable for plastic. To achieve the most even surface, it is recommended to choose a primer containing plasticizers.These finishing materials provide high adhesion and dry quickly.
How to Apply an Adhesive Primer
The algorithm for applying an adhesive primer is not much different from using paints and varnishes. However, in the case of using such protective mixtures, it is necessary to take into account the type of surface to be treated. The consumption of the composition of the primer depends on this.
Material consumption
It is impossible to calculate the exact consumption of material, since this parameter depends on the fraction of sand that goes into the composition. That is, when processing concrete, more land is spent than when finishing glass.
The average material consumption is indicated on the packaging of the mixture. Processing one square meter of surface will require up to 20 grams of primer, which is applied in a thin layer. The composition with coarse sand is consumed at the rate of 150-250 grams per square meter.
Tools required
To apply the primer to the surface you will need: a container in which the original composition is mixed, a wooden spatula and a brush. You can also use a spray gun or roller to process the materials.
Surface preparation
Before applying the adhesive primer, the following conditions must be met:
- room temperature - not lower than +5 degrees;
- remove dirt and loose parts of the plaster from the surface;
- degrease the material;
- clean the surface of oils and resins using an organic solvent.
In some cases, this step can be skipped. But for this it is necessary to purchase a floor with coarse sand, capable of retaining even small particles of dust.
Primer application technique
The primer is applied to the prepared surface using a brush, roller or spray gun. The latter are recommended for the treatment of large surfaces.
The number of coats to be applied is determined by the manufacturer. This information is on the packaging. Basically, primer mixtures are applied in 2 or more layers, waiting at least half an hour after each treatment.
Drying time
The drying time is also determined by the manufacturer. Primer mixes achieve the required strength in 12-24 hours. Some types of materials dry completely in 2-3 hours. After the expiration of the specified period, varnish or paint can be applied.
Application errors and wizard recommendations
Errors in the application of protective compounds are rare. Usually, problems arise due to non-compliance with the rules of surface preparation or the use of poor-quality brushes, after which the villi remain.
In order to avoid such consequences, it is recommended to carry out such work at temperatures above +5 degrees. Under other conditions, the quality of the primer mixture decreases and the drying time increases. You also need to purchase a composition, the characteristics of which correspond to the surface to be treated.
How to do it yourself with your own hands
To make a protective mixture with your own hands, you will need:
- 2 kilograms of chalk;
- 200 grams of 60% laundry soap;
- 250 grams of aluminum alum;
- 200 grams of dry paint glue;
- 30 grams of drying oil;
- 1 liter of clean water.
In a prepared container, you need to heat water and add aluminum alum. Dilute the paint glue in a separate container and also put it on the water. Then these ingredients need to be mixed, pre-grinding the soap.At the end, chalk is added to the composition. After that, you need to mix the prepared primer thoroughly to get a homogeneous mass.