Description of the types of wood glue, which are better to choose for wood

Different types of wood glue are designed to join elements made of wood, cardboard, paper and other materials. Affordable adhesives are safe for humans and mostly have a natural composition.

Varieties and characteristics of wood glue

There are a wide variety of glue types on the construction market. To find the most suitable option, a number of criteria must be taken into account, including the purpose of use, the composition of the substance, the surface of the material to be treated and a number of operating conditions.... When choosing an adhesive, it is advisable to familiarize yourself with the description of all available options and their characteristics.

AVP

Two-component PVA glue is often used for the manufacture of carpentry and furniture.This variety is distinguished by low cost, environmental friendliness and the absence of toxic components in the composition. The quick-drying agent, when applied to the surface, forms a uniform elastic seal. The adhesive solution is completely transparent and does not leave traces on the products.

PVA glue is suitable for bonding various types of wood, veneer, plywood, chipboard, fiberboard, MDF. Due to its water resistance, PVA can be used to treat products used in high humidity conditions, for example in the kitchen or bathroom.

To use PVA, it is necessary to warm the solution to a temperature of 35-50 degrees, and then apply it evenly in one layer to the prepared surface. If it becomes necessary to apply a second coat, you will first need to wait until the lower coat is completely dry. After processing the surface, it is enough to wait a few minutes and connect the products.

Polyurethane

The polyurethanes included in this type of glue are polymer-like substances with the property of filming. Due to the presence of these components, polyurethane adhesive foam is resistant to various oils, gasolines and acids. The main advantages of the substance are:

reliable adhesion for a long period of time;
the ability to adhere to various types of wooden surfaces;
resistant to ambient temperature drops;
the ability to self-heal under negative external influences;
no shrinkage.

There are two type of polyurethane glue fast setting: mono and bi-component. The first option is suitable for instant use.

To work with a two-component composition, preliminary preparation is necessary.Therefore, for work, an accurately calculated volume of the mixture should be prepared in order to avoid unnecessary waste of the substance.

Based on organic resins

Organic glue is rarely found on the market, compared to other varieties, due to the difficulty in using it. The sealant takes several hours to prepare, and the finished mixture has a foul smell and dries long after being applied to the surface. Despite its low prevalence, a solution based on organic resins has all of the following positive characteristics:

absence of harmful impurities in the composition, which guarantees complete safety of use;
reliable connection with a wooden surface;
the formation of an even, colorless seam.

Epoxy

Epoxy adhesive can be used to bond dissimilar materials together. The drying of the solution occurs at standard room temperature, which greatly simplifies operation and reduces time costs. The treated surfaces are tightly bonded, so the epoxy variety is prevalent in industrial and construction applications.

To use epoxy grout to its full potential requires careful preparation of the surface of the part. The material is cleaned of dirt and dust and an even layer of glue is applied. Then the product is pressed against another and fixed in a suitable position. To set, simply wait 8-10 minutes, then leave to solidify completely for a day. The room in which the work was carried out with epoxy must be well ventilated.

Contact

Contact glue is often used in the manufacture of furniture products. The substance consists of synthetic rubber and a highly volatile solvent, which evaporates quickly after surface treatment. Solidification of the polymer ensures strong bonding of the products.The composition of the contact solution may contain various components that manufacturers add at their discretion. All brands of contact adhesives have individual characteristics, so it is important to familiarize yourself with the physical properties when choosing.

Cyanoacrylate

The main component in the composition of cyanoacrylate glue are alpha-cyanoacrylic acid esters, which determine the operational characteristics of the substance. In addition, this type contains plasticizers necessary to control the degree of viscosity and stabilizing components responsible for the adhesive force. Many manufacturers add modifying components to the cyanoacrylate glue to improve the water and heat resistance characteristics of the joint formed. Cure inhibitors prevent unintended polymerization of the substance.

Cyanoacrylate glue is very resistant to solvents and extreme temperatures. The consumption of the substance is low, which makes its use more economical compared to other varieties. Work with cyanoacrylate glue should only be carried out in special protective clothing, since it has increased adhesion to human skin.

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BONE

Produced in various variations, bone glue is a solution based on organic components, including animal bone waste. The most expensive and high-quality substances are those with the addition of pellets obtained from the horns. Mortar is used for gluing wooden products, cardboard, fiberboard and similar materials. The connection has a high strength index, and often when the structure is damaged, it is found that it is not the adhesive layer that has been deformed, but the material adjacent to it.

Carpenter

The standard type of wood glue is widely used in renovation work. The substance has become widespread due to its affordable cost and good adhesion properties. Carpenter's glue is suitable for processing wood, plywood, cardboard and hardboard. The basic component of the composition is a protein substance responsible for adhesion.

Products bound with wood glue should be pressed firmly together and fixed in a static position for 15-20 minutes. For convenience, you can use pliers or a vice. If specialized equipment is not at hand, any heavy object will do.

syndeticon

Sindeticon is a thick, versatile type of glue that is easy to use and suitable for working with a variety of materials. The solution differs from other types in that it provides not only a strong connection, but also easy separation if necessary. You can use syndeticone without preheating, in pure form or diluted with water. The substance is environmentally friendly, does not pose a danger to human health and the environment, does not contain toxins and is easily biodegradable at home.

Casein glue

Casein glue is a natural product obtained from casein milk proteins. The substance is actively used in the wood industry, the production of plywood and cardboard. The characteristics of casein glue make it possible to favorably influence the internal structure of the treated material. The list of positive properties includes the following:

high environmental friendliness due to natural origin;
the ability to process various types of wood;
strong adhesion and reliability of the formed seam;
resistance to high humidity and temperature extremes;
long shelf life when dry.

The disadvantage of casein solution is the fact that due to its natural origin, the components can be altered when exposed to mold or organic pests. To reduce the risk of spoilage, it is recommended to mix the solution with ammonia.

boyfriend

The composition of BF is intended not only for joining different types of wood, but also for gluing wood with other materials. If you need to glue wood to metal, it is recommended to use an antifreeze mortar marked BF-2 and BF-4. Resistant to humidity and high temperatures BF-2 glue it is advisable to use for interior work, and glue BF-4 - for exterior. To achieve reliable adhesion, it is important to adhere to the technology of applying several layers:

the first layer should dry for an hour at room temperature or 15-20 minutes, subject to additional heating;
a few minutes are enough for the second layer to harden.

After applying 2 layers, the products for gluing are applied to each other so that the solution finally dries and hardens. The gluing of wood will be comparable to the process of splicing and will be able to withstand increased loads.

Liquid Nails

Liquid nails are based on synthetic rubber with polymer additives. The load-bearing function is provided by a special type of clay with a high elasticity index. After their appearance on the construction market, liquid nails quickly gained popularity thanks to the following list of advantages:

The substance comes in a convenient package with an elongated base, which makes it possible to apply even stripes.
Liquid nails firmly connect various products. The maximum load that the adhesive composition can withstand reaches 80 kg / m². cm.
The substance can be used for the treatment of flat surfaces and in the case of loose materials.
Glue in the form of liquid nails does not violate the integrity of the processed products and does not cause the development of corrosion.
Slow consumption of the substance allows you to significantly save on repair, finishing and carpentry work.

Liquid nails have practically no obvious drawbacks, except for restrictions on the use of various compositions. There are universal varieties that can be used in any condition, and there are special formulations for performing a separate list of jobs.

Mezdrovy

A type of skin glue is actively used for furniture restoration and in the woodworking industry. The substance is produced from the flesh - the lower layer of animal skin, which is separated when dressing leather. Also, the composition contains crushed animal bones and tendons. Most often, skin glue is supplied in the form of granules.

For use, granules are poured with warm or cold water, observing a ratio of 1:10. Then the adhesive composition is heated in a water bath to a temperature of 50-60 degrees. During the preparation process, overheating of the mixture should not be allowed, as this can cause deterioration of the elasticity and adhesive properties of the composition.

Fish

Fish food glue is made from the swim bladders of fish of different species and their processing waste. The finished composition is colorless, odorless, moisture resistant and has high binding characteristics. Compared to other varieties, fish glue is less common and is used for certain categories of work due to the following characteristics:

the substance is not heat-resistant, and when heated above 80 degrees, the structure of the treated material is destroyed;
if valuable fish species were used for production, this would significantly affect the final cost to the consumer;
when exposed to mold and harmful microorganisms, the risk of destruction increases.

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Synthetic

Quick setting synthetic glue is a compound made from synthetic monomers, polymers and other components. The presence of various additives improves the adhesive properties, makes the substance waterproof and plastic. Synthetic compounds are produced in different versions: liquid, solid, pasty. Most often, glue is offered in the form of two mixtures - a hardener and an adhesive, which are mixed before direct use.

PVC

There are several types of composition for bonding PVC products. Different options differ in their physical properties:

Adhesive fixer. It is used exclusively for fixing parts and does not have the ability to connect. Suitable for use when laying parquet, since the absence of a joint simplifies the subsequent dismantling of individual fragments.

Composition of the reaction. Effective for sticking large or heavy objects.
Composition of contacts. Provides the strongest seam and crystallizes in a short time.

Choice criteria

The choice of a suitable adhesive should be carried out in a complex way. To obtain the greatest efficiency, it is important to take into account the conditions in which the operation will take place, the characteristics of the surface to be treated, the ambient temperature and humidity, the external effect on the product and other shades.

Appointment

When buying glue for wood products, it is important that it has a high setting speed and viscosity, which will facilitate work on a vertical surface. These adhesive solutions are based on polymer compositions that provide increased adhesion. When choosing a suitable adhesive, the purpose of the application should be clearly defined. Depending on the application, immediate adhesion or the creation of a strong joint and good resistance may be necessary.

Shaft characteristics

When buying, it is worth knowing the characteristics of treated wood in order to understand how hard the wood species is and what type it belongs to. Depending on the structure of the material, the appropriate form of glue, its physical characteristics and the method of application are selected.

Temperature and humidity

Not all types of adhesive solutions are able to perform their function when exposed to high or too low humidity and ambient temperatures. The deviation of the indicators from the standard values causes a change in the viscosity of the adhesive. An increase in the relative humidity of the atmosphere lowers the viscosity of the adhesive, which slows the curing process and increases bond strength.

Most often, difficulties in maintaining optimal conditions arise when processing products located outside or in the bathroom.

Product load

For products that are in a static position and are not under stress, the indicator of the load that the joint formed by the glue can withstand is irrelevant. If the products are located at a height or are exposed to external influences, you must first determine the load level and select the appropriate type of glue.

Respect the environment

On an industrial scale, environmentally unfriendly adhesive solutions are often used. When performing work in a domestic environment, you should pay attention to the composition of the substance and its safety for health and the environment. As a rule, most manufacturers mark the environmental friendliness of products with the appropriate green marking.

Water resistance

In order to determine the level of water resistance of the joint formed when using a particular type of glue, the corresponding standard developed in Europe is applied. Certification of substances for load groups D1-D4 is carried out taking into account the results of laboratory tests of glued products.

D1

Glue with a water resistance category D1 is used for processing products in rooms whose temperature does not exceed 50 degrees (only a temporary increase is allowed). The mortar can be applied to wood with a moisture content of up to 15%.

D2

Substances in category D2 are intended for internal use with short-term exposure to liquid or condensation. At the same time, due to external influences, the moisture content of wood should not exceed 18%.

D3

D3 water resistance means outdoor use. Short exposure to liquid is allowed. Adhesives in this category are highly adaptable to fluctuating humidity levels.

D4

Category D4 is suitable for various indoor and outdoor applications. Glue joints are resistant to negative environmental influences.

In the case of open use of parts, it is recommended to apply an additional protective coating to the seam.

How to glue correctly

The procedure for using glue depends on the specific variety.If a solution is used that is applied hot, it must be preheated. For this, the substance is mixed with a hardener and heated to a temperature of about 70-80 degrees. Then, within 2-3 hours, the solution retains its properties without the need for additional heating.

The glue is applied to the surface of the wood in an even, thin layer using a brush of the appropriate size. The optimum layer thickness is about 0.2 mm. To prevent the composition from spilling at the seam, you need to wait a few minutes. After that, the surfaces of the products are connected to each other and pressed. It takes 2-4 hours for full adhesion and drying.

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Manufacturers

A huge number of companies are engaged in the manufacture of modern adhesive solutions. When choosing, you should give preference to proven manufacturers and high-quality brands.

Titebond

Products produced under the Titebond brand spread rapidly. The adhesive of this brand is distinguished by a strong initial grip and rapid hardening, which reduces the time spent under pressure and simplifies the workflow.The substance forms superior compounds in terms of resistance to the wood itself, must be sanded and does not affect the finish coat. Titebond products can be used for industrial purposes and in everyday life thanks to their ease of use, safety and the absence of toxic substances in the composition.

"Moment Joiner"

Moment Stolyar moisture resistant glue is suitable for use in the furniture industry, as it reliably connects wooden elements, foam rubber, fabric and upholstery. Also "Moment Joiner" allows you to join products from pre-assembled blanks.After applying the substance, no traces remain on the furniture, which improves its aesthetics. “Moment Joiner” has the following properties:

increased category of water resistance according to internationally accepted classification;
the ability to withstand high temperatures up to 70 degrees;
the average consumption of the substance is 150 g per 1 m². m;
after drying, the seam takes on a light wood shade;
if desired, the glue line can be varnished or painted.

"Titanium"

Glue of the brand "Titan" is distinguished by a wide range of applications due to its technical properties. It creates a strong bond that acts as an anchor for a variety of materials including wood, PVC, Styrofoam and others. Products manufactured under the Titan brand can be used for interior and exterior work. The main advantages of the substance are: rapid consumption, high elasticity, resistance to liquids, lack of color.

Kleiberit

Kleiberit mixtures are in demand in the Russian market due to their combination of high quality and affordable cost. The substance is used for facing streamlined building structures, joining wooden products. All mixtures produced under this brand have the following characteristics:

absence of toxic substances in the composition;
resistance to high temperatures and humidity;
ease of use.

Soudal

Soudal glues dry quickly and are used for fixing plasterboard and foam products. The substance is suitable for interior and exterior renovation. Key physical properties of Soudal products include:

lack of reaction to delicate bases, since non-aggressive solvents are present in the composition;
resistance to the influence of liquids and temperature extremes up to 60 degrees;
the ability to eliminate minor surface irregularities by filling;
high adhesion to most building materials.

UHU

UHU All Purpose Adhesive creates one of the strongest joints. The seam can withstand short-term heating up to 120 degrees, water and acid resistant, harmless to human health and the environment. Using a substance of the UHU brand, it is necessary to pre-clean and disinfect the surfaces. Then the agent is applied to a surface, the position is corrected and the products are connected. For complete drying, you need to wait about a day.

diy making

You can independently prepare wood glue at home in several ways, but they are based on one principle - soaking the dry matter and subsequent cooking. For the manufacture you will need to use granules or dry composition, water and a cooking container.

Recipe 1

Step by step instructions:

Pour the dry composition into a container and fill it with cold boiled water so that it completely covers the substance. After 8-12 hours, a jelly-like consistency should form.
Heat the mixture in a water bath at a temperature of 60-80 degrees, stirring regularly. Due to this, the lumps must completely disappear so that the mass becomes liquid and homogeneous.
During the cooking process, hot water can be added to the mixture. If you plan to treat the joints of the extremities or fingers, the composition should be thicker.
Once a film has formed on the surface, the carpenter's glue is ready for use.

Recipe 2

Step by step process:

The adhesive composition in a dry state is mixed with water in equal proportions.
The resulting mixture is boiled until a dense material forms.
Before direct use, the part is dissolved in water and alcohol, then boiled.

Impurities

To impart new physical characteristics to the manufacture of wood glue, various components are added to it. For example, adding linseed oil or drying oil to a dry formulation increases liquid resistance. If you want to combine wood products with leather, you need to use glycerin as an impurity. Adding wood ash to carpenter's hot glue helps dissimilar surfaces bond more effectively.

Tips & Tricks

Only adhesive solutions from the best manufacturers should be chosen for work in order to avoid buying poor-quality products. When self-manufacturing a substance, it is first necessary to calculate the required volume, since the composition retains its original consistency for 2-3 hours.

When working with adhesives, it is recommended to use gloves and a protective mask. Ventilate the room during and after the surface treatment. If the substance gets on the skin, wash it off with lukewarm water.

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