Planting and care of hyacinths in the open field, conditions and rules of cultivation
The correct planting and care of hyacinths in the open field worries many gardeners. In order for a culture to adapt normally to new conditions and develop fully, it is worth providing it with proper care. This should include timely watering, proper fertilizing, weeding and loosening the soil. Protection against diseases and pests is also important.
Description and characteristics of the plant
The Mediterranean, the Middle East and Africa are considered the birthplace of hyacinths.The plant is characterized by dense bulbs, which include succulent leaves and a flowering stem, reaching a height of 30 centimeters.
The flowers form apical brushes and look like a cylinder or a cone. Shades are different - pink, white, blue. There are also pale yellow, lilac, red flowers. Their shape is simple or terry.
How to plant correctly
For successful planting, it is worth clearly following the recommendations of specialists.
Time recommendations
It is recommended to plant hyacinths in open ground in the fall. This should be done in late September or early October. With earlier planting operations, the plant will begin to grow rapidly, which will lead to its death.
Site selection and preparation
Plant hyacinths in a place that is well lit and reliably protected from cold wind. Sometimes they try to plant bulbs under the trees. However, in such soil they may be nutrient deficient.
It is worth preparing the soil in advance. Hyacinths need loose soil. Therefore, it is worth adding peat or sand to the black soil. The acidity should not exceed 6.5. At a higher rate, lime flour is used.
Selection and preparation of planting material
To plant a plant, you need to use bulbs. It is recommended to choose medium-sized specimens. They should be tight enough and undamaged. Before planting, they are soaked for half an hour in a weak solution of potassium permanganate.
Landing scheme
Bulbs are planted in pre-prepared holes. Their depth should be 10-20 centimeters. The larger the bulb, the deeper the hole should be. The distance should be 10-15 centimeters. A distance of 20 centimeters is made between the rows.
Maintenance Features
In order for a plant to develop normally, it must receive comprehensive and high-quality care.
Weeding and loosening
Hyacinth beds should be systematically loosened and weeded. This will provide the bulbs with oxygen and nutrients. It also helps get rid of weeds.
watering mode
Water the hyacinths very carefully. Bulbs poorly tolerate stagnant moisture. In this case, the soil should not dry out. Therefore, it is recommended to moderately moisturize the flower bed.
Most often, the plants are watered during the formation of buds and for 2 weeks after the end of flowering.
top dresser
It is an important part of plant care. In this case, it is recommended to follow a special diet.
First stage
For the first time hyacinths are recommended to be fed immediately after the formation of the first shoots. During this period, the plant needs nitrogen, which contributes to the growth of greenery. You can use ammonium nitrate or urea.
Second phase
The second feeding is carried out shortly before the start of flowering - during budding. This will help produce lush blooms. At this stage, cultivation requires the use of potassium-phosphorus fertilizer and a small amount of nitrogen.
How to care after flowering
After flowering, the plant needs abundant watering and fertilizing. In regions with severe winters, it is recommended to dig up hyacinths. In warmer regions, the bulbs can be left in the ground.
Transfer
Moving a factory to a new location is quite easy. When the bushes have withered, the bulbs should be dug up and stored.In the fall, they should be deposited in a new place.
Home breeding methods
The tubers give flowers in 2-3 years. However, at the same time, they do not form children. To achieve this, the bulbs must be stimulated. The procedure is carried out in different ways.
Cut the bottom of the tuber
When planting, it is worth choosing the place where the largest bulbs are planted. When the foliage turns yellow, it is recommended to remove the tuber and rinse with strong water pressure. Dry in a shady place for 7-10 days. Next, make a wedge-shaped cutout on the bottom. In this case, the kidney and donut are completely cut.
After that, the tubers should be placed in a container with a layer of perlite. This is done with the bottom cut. It is recommended to put the prepared container in a bag. After 2-3 months, babies will grow up to 1 centimeter. The prepared tuber can be planted in the ground and sprinkled with peat.
Bulb scales
Large tubers with a diameter of 5-6 centimeters should be divided into 4 parts and separated from the bottom of the scales. Then take a container, pour perlite or sand at the bottom. Place the broken flakes in a container, then put it in a transparent bag and leave to stand for 2 months. During this time, bulbs will appear on the scale.
Leaf cuttings
To implement this method, it is worth waiting for the period of appearance of peduncles. At this point, separate 2 leaves each, cutting them as close to the base as possible. Place the leaves in a growth stimulator, then plant them in a container with sand.
Then it should be put in a bag and placed in a lighted place for 1-1.5 months.After the specified time has passed, the rudiments of the bulbs will appear on the cuttings. After another 50-60 days, roots and leaves form.
Notch the bottom
In this case, it is recommended to cut the bottom crosswise. Damaged areas should be sprinkled with activated carbon and placed in a warm place for a day. This method of stimulation produces 10 to 16 large blisters.
Diseases and pests
Hyacinths can encounter various diseases and pests. In such a situation, it is important to act in time.
bacterial rot
The plant often encounters bacterial yellow rot. At the same time, the culture is stunted, the leaves and peduncles become covered with spots. In such a situation, diseased plants are dug up and burned. Deepening should be treated with bleach.
The flowers are flying
The larvae of these pests cause the bottom of the bulb to be destroyed. To cope with parasites, it is worth using Tabazol, Aktar. Muchoed is considered an effective remedy.
Meadow tick
The activity of this pest is observed in late spring or early summer. The main danger of the parasite is the spread of viral infections. Miticides are used to kill ticks - Talstar, Aktellik.
Medvedka
This pest infects the underground parts of plants. To cope with this, it is recommended to mulch the soil.
varietal variety
Today there are many varieties of hyacinths, each of which has certain characteristics.
Amethyst
This culture is characterized by pale purple flowers. They form wide cylindrical inflorescences. This plant reaches 25 centimeters in height.
Argentina Arendsen
This variety is distinguished by its white flowers. They form large inflorescences of a cylindrical shape. Culture is characterized by a height of 28 centimeters.
Bismarck
The culture reaches 28 centimeters in length and has light purple flowers. Flowering begins in mid-April and lasts 2 weeks.
General of Wet
This culture reaches 24 centimeters. It has an inflorescence of medium density and white-pink color. Hyacinths begin to bloom in mid-April.
Large Lilac
The flower reaches 35 centimeters and has a porcelain-blue tint. The tips of the perianth lobes are paler.
Grandmother
This flower reaches 28 centimeters and has a loose inflorescence. It includes 18 blue-purple flowers that appear in late April.
Grootvorst
The culture reaches 30 centimeters and includes 5-15 double flowers of a gentle lilac color. They bloom in April-May.
indigo king
The bush reaches 25 centimeters and has a loose inflorescence, consisting of up to 18 black-purple flowers. They appear at the end of April.
Yellow hummer
This plant reaches 30 centimeters and has dense light yellow flowers. They appear in the second half of April.
Lord Balfour
The plant reaches a height of 24 centimeters and has 8-13 purple-violet flowers. They appear at the end of April. Flowering lasts 3 weeks.
Miss Sophia
This hyacinth reaches 25 centimeters and has 15 double white flowers. They appear at the end of April.
prince arthur
This plant is characterized by a height of 30 centimeters. Flowering begins at the end of April and lasts 2-2.5 weeks.
Rosalie
This plant does not exceed 20 centimeters in height. It is characterized by a narrow cylindrical inflorescence of a rich pink hue. The flowers appear in the first half of April.
chestnut flower
This hyacinth grows up to 25 centimeters and is characterized by loose inflorescences of 12 centimeters. They are pink in color and double textured.
Edelweiss
The culture grows up to 25 centimeters.It is characterized by a dense and wide inflorescence, including white flowers.
Edison
The bush reaches 22 centimeters and has pink flowers that appear in the second half of April.
Forcing methods
Forcing is the artificial germination of a tuber. There are several options for this procedure.
In an earthen pot
It is worth planting a bulb in a pot 2-2.5 months before the planned flowering. A not too large container is suitable for this. It is worth placing a drain at the bottom, and then filling the dishes with a suitable substrate.
Get rid of children before boarding. It is recommended to moisten the soil moderately. Then move the pot to a cool place. When rooting occurs, it can be placed in a lighted place.
In water
For germination, you need to take a glass container of a suitable size - at least 300 milliliters in volume. The distance between the bottom of the bulb and the water should be 2 centimeters. This will help avoid the decay process.
Once the bulb is established, the container should be moved to a dark, cool place. After the roots appear, the dishes are set to heat.
In hydrogel
This is a new way to grow hyacinths quickly. To do this, the hydrogel balls must be filled with water and fertilizer and placed in a container with hyacinth. The rest of the steps remain the same.
How to Store Bulbs Properly
For storage, the bulbs must be dried and peeled from roots and scales. Then they need to be sorted and put in boxes. For the first 2 months, it is recommended to store them at a temperature of + 25-26 degrees. Then move to a cooler place with a temperature of +17 degrees.
It is important to monitor the humidity of the air so that the tubers do not dry out.
Before planting a plant in the ground, it is recommended to keep it for a week at a typical garden temperature. During storage, many babies appear on the tubers. Therefore, it is worth planting them in the ground very carefully.
Application in landscaping
The hyacinth is considered a versatile plant. It is allowed to plant it in flower beds or grow it in a pot on a windowsill. Plants look very beautiful in combination with lush, undersized perennials.
A great option would be to use hyacinths to decorate your garden path. They can also be planted near trees and bushes. Designers advise combining hyacinths with other crops. Otherwise, after flowering, the bed may seem too empty.
Hyacinths are popular plants that have many benefits. They are unpretentious in maintenance and have excellent decorative properties. To successfully grow these crops, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the recommendations of gardeners and provide them with comprehensive care.